Question
1. BRIEF


INTRODUCTION

This assignment has been provided in an attempt to introduce some ‘real world’ activities into your study of Building Services .It is hoped that by examining various aspects of a ‘semi-real’ building you will become more familiar with the role of the Building Services Engineer and the day to day problems he/she may encounter.

This assignment will focus on the following major aspects of a Services project:

• Heating Systems
• Ventilation Systems
• Environmental Control Systems

Examine the project building provided with this assignment. This is an Art Gallery. Drawings are on Blackboard.

Consider what type(s) of heating and ventilation systems might be appropriate for installation within the rooms.   

Activities
1 - Select suitable heating systems for the building and clearly explain why you feel these systems are most appropriate. (3 Pages).
2 - Select suitable ventilation systems for the building and clearly explain why you feel these systems are most appropriate. (2 Pages).
3 - Include manufacturer’s literature for major system components. (1 Page + Manufacturer`s Literature).
4 - Provide a description of the control methods for each of the systems below to achieve comfort conditions regardless of external and internal influences.
• Heating Systems
• Ventilation Systems

5 - Show how you expect heat and air and water to be distributed from the Plantroom to within rooms by using suitably annotated sketches/drawings that clearly illustrate Plant location, pipework and ductwork circuits and the location of heat emitters and ventilation terminals. (Minimum 2 Drawings + Sections).
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1. Select suitable heating systems for the building and clearly explain why you feel these systems are most appropriate.

Heat Source

Ground Source Heat Pumps
An art gallery requires nuanced control of temperature and humidity in its different spaces. The open exhibition hall for example will have different requirements to the closed gallery spaces or the customer café. For occupancy comfort, Building Regulation Standards require the minimum temperature in any art gallery space to be at least 70ºF. Protection of the paintings and sculptures must also be considered, as often materials used are subject to easy wear given the meticulous maintenance requirements. A ground source heat pump is the most sustainable option for this requirement. In particular, a combined geothermal heating and cooling system. This would draw heat out from an underground source and supplement the energy source with natural gas fired boilers. A local water source that is clean and thermally stable can be located for this.
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (171μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (201μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (162μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (189μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (164μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (230μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (195μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (164μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (206μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (203μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (164μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (197μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (159μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (197μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (163μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (163μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (184μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (161μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (274μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (218μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (206μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (164μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (210μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (166μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (184μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (163μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (182μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (196μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (163μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (183μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (161μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (155μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (317μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (142μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (129μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (150μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (235μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (668μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (919μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (91μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (752μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (196μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (166μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (216μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (387μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (183μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (163μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (180μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (179μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (159μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (172μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (474μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (22μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (353μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (89μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (168μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (71μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (244μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (270μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.7ms)
      • creating: components.footer (84μs)
      • composing: components.footer (93μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (828μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (287μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (694μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.12ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (80μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.63ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (310μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (164μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (209μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (145μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (125μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (265μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (435μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (171μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (151μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (138μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (136μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (127μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (194μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (143μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (113μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (53μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (81μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (44μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (74μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (42μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (70μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (41μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (68μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (40μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (73μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (41μs)
      • 313 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (16.66%)
        68.95ms
        18 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (8.14%)
        33.67ms
        18 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (5.33%)
        22.05ms
        9 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (2.19%)
        9.05ms
        9 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (1.65%)
        6.85ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (1.03%)
        4.25ms
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.33%)
        1.36ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.21%)
        875μs
        10 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.21%)
        850μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.13%)
        533μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.11%)
        474μs
        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.1%)
        404μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.09%)
        374μs
        42 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.09%)
        359μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.09%)
        353μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.07%)
        270μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.06%)
        255μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.06%)
        244μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.05%)
        208μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.05%)
        194μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        179μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.04%)
        168μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.04%)
        164μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        162μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.03%)
        143μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.03%)
        113μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.02%)
        93μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.02%)
        89μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.02%)
        88μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.02%)
        87μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.02%)
        84μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.02%)
        81μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.02%)
        81μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.02%)
        79μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.02%)
        74μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)
        73μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.02%)
        71μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.02%)
        70μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.02%)
        68μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.01%)
        53μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.01%)
        52μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        44μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        43μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        42μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)
        41μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)
        41μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)
        40μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        40μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0.01%)
        22μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      18 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 14 unique. Show only duplicated44.09ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '22139' limit 1
        15.67mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 22139
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (235)
        1.22mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (22139)
        1.15mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 26 limit 1
        1.15mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 26
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 22139 and `subject` = 235 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        2.54mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 22139
        • 1: 235
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (235)
        1.12mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 22139 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        2.41mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 22139
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 22139 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.2mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 22139
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 22139 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.1mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 22139
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 26 limit 1
        940μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 26
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        1.12mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.71mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 4 limit 1
        1.32mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        1.6mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        1.27mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 11 limit 1
        6.15mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 11
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        1.1mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.32mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      42HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      10SubjectCat.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
          _token
          rrbveoUC0Rmk9P5UYumefbwHNTH1tK01EZS83mJa
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Architecture/Architecture-Other/22139
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Architecture/Ar...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /college-homework-library/Architecture/Architecture-Other/22139
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
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