Activity 2: Written Report (10%) Describe the significance of dise...

Question
Activity 2: Written Report (10%)
Describe the significance of disease of Western lifestyle (Think about: The prevalence, incidence, costs to the health care system, associated comorbidities, and any other important information).
Describe the product you have selected.
Describe the claim(s) made about the specific product / the labeling of the product (Think about: What claims or logos does it use? Who regulates the claims made? Are these claims trustworthy? Have a look on the manufactures website for any additional details about the product.). Are there any other features of interest that makes this product stand out (colour, font etc.)?
Describe the composition of the product including the details of the active ingredient(s)
- Discuss the literature supporting the claims / the active ingredient(s).
- What is the mechanism of action of the active ingredient(s) in relation to reducing the risk of the disease of Western lifestyle?
Consider the relative nutritional health benefits of the active ingredient in product in the context of the requirements (Think about: Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) or any limitations to intake).
- What is the dose required to have an effect? Does this dose mean you exceed the RDI of other nutrients (e.g. sodium)?
- What is the price of the product in Australian dollars per bottle/pack/container, and per day to have an effect?
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Obesity is a major problem faced by the developed and urbanized nations including our country1. It is a condition in which excessive accumulation of fat occurs in the body (significantly more around waste) which affects the health negatively. A person is classified as obese if the body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in meters) is above 30, where a normal range is 18.5 -24.99.
Excessive food consumption, sedentary lifestyle and certain genetic associations, all have been pointed as the probable causes2. Obesity not only affects health but also on the social well-being of the person. The associated co-morbidities of obesity include diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis and certain types of cancers.
In the past two decades, the fraction of obese and overweight people has doubled in Australia, pointing to the unhealthy urbanized eating habits3. It is estimated that more than a quarter (29%, as per the 2017 reports) of the Australian population are obese. A PwC study in 2015 found that the cost of obesity alone on Australian economy is USD 8.6 billion in direct and indirect means4. This figure was near 1% of the GDP of the Australian economy in 2015.
Management of obesity is a time taking and continuous effort, including proper exercise and careful control over diet - by consuming fewer calories, switching from a carbohydrate/fat rich diet to a balanced diet with foods with a lot of fibres. A fibre rich food is believed to influence a positive effect in bringing down obesity. However, the fast-food culture means these measures are relatively difficult to achieve, and thus more than 50% of Australians do not consume the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of dietary
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (255μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (184μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (198μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (246μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (204μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (172μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (228μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (176μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (272μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (452μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (374μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (416μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (289μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (298μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (422μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (342μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (179μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (786μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (230μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (229μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (236μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (221μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (175μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (293μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (1.06ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.09ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (78μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (742μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (242μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (247μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (206μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (210μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (200μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (208μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (182μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (211μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (266μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (348μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (426μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (206μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (178μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (198μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (294μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (311μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (512μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (26μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (560μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (119μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (235μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (86μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (395μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (78μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (2.3ms)
      • creating: components.footer (92μs)
      • composing: components.footer (372μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.71ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (387μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (844μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.19ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (111μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (403μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (343μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (217μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (321μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (207μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (207μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (727μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (359μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (218μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (221μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (360μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (221μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (281μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (444μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (209μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (99μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (210μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (91μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (154μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (79μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (240μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (84μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (246μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (84μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (148μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (180μs)
      • 311 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (17.06%)
        106ms
        20 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (6.56%)
        40.67ms
        20 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (5.63%)
        34.94ms
        11 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (1.93%)
        11.96ms
        11 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.08%)
        6.70ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (0.44%)
        2.72ms
        12 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.33%)
        2.06ms
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.22%)
        1.39ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.22%)
        1.38ms
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.1%)
        639μs
        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.09%)
        566μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.09%)
        560μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.08%)
        512μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.08%)
        473μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.07%)
        444μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.06%)
        395μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.06%)
        372μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.06%)
        342μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.05%)
        331μs
        14 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.05%)
        318μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.05%)
        281μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.04%)
        269μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.04%)
        246μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.04%)
        242μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.04%)
        240μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.04%)
        235μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.03%)
        210μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.03%)
        209μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.03%)
        195μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.03%)
        180μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.03%)
        156μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.02%)
        154μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)
        148μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.02%)
        122μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.02%)
        119μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.02%)
        113μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.02%)
        107μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.02%)
        99μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.01%)
        92μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        91μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.01%)
        86μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)
        84μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        84μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        79μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.01%)
        78μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        63μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.01%)
        62μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)
        62μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0%)
        26μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      20 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 16 unique. Show only duplicated48.94ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '38111' limit 1
        16.39mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 38111
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (266)
        1.22mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (38111)
        2.35mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 35 limit 1
        1.34mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 35
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 38111 and `subject` = 266 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        8.7mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 38111
        • 1: 266
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (266)
        1.35mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 38111 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.41mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 38111
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 38111 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.46mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 38111
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 38111 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.32mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 38111
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 35 limit 1
        1.19mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 35
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        1.08mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.13mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 4 limit 1
        1.08mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        1.23mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        1.32mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 11 limit 1
        1.19mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 11
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 5 limit 1
        1.26mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 34 limit 1
        1.24mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 34
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        1.46mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.22mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      14HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      12SubjectCat.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
          _token
          2ifboMl3rYfpCr7eKx1NZBH1W5nbsDbOfzJVjFkt
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Biology/Biology-Other/38111
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Biology/Biology...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /college-homework-library/Biology/Biology-Other/38111
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
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