Question
We have discussed the use of semaphores in lectures. In this homework, you will have a chance to work with it in Ubuntu. Below is an example of how to use a semaphore (in a silly way though):

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

%Defining a semaphore that will be used in /dev/shm/
#define SEM_NAME "/youraccountname.mutex"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

sem_t *sem;

//initialize to 1
sem = sem_open(SEM_NAME, O_CREAT, O_RDWR, 1);
if (sem==SEM_FAILED) {
    printf("%s sem_open failed!", SEM_NAME);
    return (-1);
}

//wait()
sem_wait(sem);

printf("critical section!n");

//signal()
sem_post(sem);

return 0;
}

The compilation command is

gcc –o test test.c -lpthread

A few things of special note:

a) You must name your semaphore with a unique name, such as “youraccountname.mutex”. Otherwise your program would be working with someone’s semaphore or not being able to open it. This might be not a problem in the Ubuntu running in VirtualBox, but imagine a server with all different users!
b) There is a location in the system to store the actual semaphore. It’s at “/dev/shm/”. Look for your own semaphore there. And make sure that it is removed before you run new programs. This is critical during debugging phase.
c) There is one step missing (intentionally) in the above code. It is related to a function called sem_unlink(). You should find out what it does and how to use it (try ‘man sem_unlink’ in Ubuntu). There might be other function calls that will do the same job, but please focus on sem_unlink.

1. (20 points) Explain your findings on what sem_unlink() does and fix the code above.
2. (80 points) Write a program named <prseq.c>, which should take one command-line argument called maxnum. prseq should fork two child processes. Together, these three processes will print the sequence of integers from 0 up to maxnum (inclusive), one on each line. Your code must satisfy the following requirements:
a) The parent process will print out 0, 3, 6, 9, etc.
b) One of the two child processes will print out 1, 4, 7, etc.
c) The other child process will print out 2, 5, 8, etc.
d) The output should be in strictly increasing order, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, …, up to maxnum (inclusive), one number per line (you may want to include other hints, such as which process is printing the number, “parent”, “child1”, or “child2”).
e) Semaphores must be used to synchronize the processes. Any other methods will be treated as wrong answers. Therefore, if your code doesn’t use any semaphore, it’s wrong.
f) Compile and run your code with different inputs to show that your code works as required. Take the snapshots and insert them into your Word document for submission.
Feel free to build your code from the solutions of earlier homeworks.
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

//Defining a semaphore that will be used in /dev/shm/
#define SEM_NAME "/youraccountname.mutex"


int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
if (argc < 2)
{
       return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }   
    int max = atoi(argv[1]);

// Create semaphores
sem_t *sem1;
sem_t *sem2;
sem_t *sem3;

// Open 3 semaphores and set them to 0, so when wait it cant execute immediately
sem1 = sem_open(SEM_NAME, O_CREAT, O_RDWR, 0);
if (sem1 == SEM_FAILED)
{
printf("%s sem_open failed!", SEM_NAME);
return (-1);
}
sem_unlink(SEM_NAME); // Unlink the semaphore name from kernel
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      uri
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      middleware
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      10 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 6 unique. Show only duplicated46.41ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '39069' limit 1
        10.69mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 39069
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (16)
        1.52mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (39069)
        4.21mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.2mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 39069 and `subject` = 16 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        22.51mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 39069
        • 1: 16
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (16)
        1.53mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 39069 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.43mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 39069
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 39069 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.09mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 39069 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.18mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.05mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
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