Question
Conduct a research among students and then write an Action Research Proposal on the following topic: Metacognition And The Improvement Of Math Instruction

Your report should include, in this order:
Title Page
Completed body of the Action Research Project – make sure to view the assignment template to ensure that you have all included pieces
Reference Page
Appendixes
Combine all parts into a single document.
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Introduction
My focus area is Mathematics and the use of “student-reflection” to cement and crystalize content understanding and proficiency in terms of application. I chose this area, because in the review of literature, I recognized that the topic was very prevalent in the research and in the review of the literature I also learned that “student-reflection” was very promising in the effort of increasing Math proficiency particularly in teaching difficult Math topics. Such a process when and if implemented with fidelity will increase Math performance and content understanding as evidenced by the research. My research question is: how can “student-reflection” be utilized to positively impact student achievement in the content area of Mathematics? Student reflection has many faces and some of the instructional tools include, but are not limited to: journaling, facilitated conversations, lesson reflections, student appraisals and accountable talks. Student reflection as asserted by Anderson (2011) is the process of thinking critically about the teaching and learning process.
Background
The student sample is from the Northeastern Coast of the United States of American. The student population under sample are special needs students who have additional challenges as it relates to socioeconomic status as many of my students are confined to group homes both temporary and long term. The total student sample consist of (26) students in total and of the total, (12) are girls and (14) are boys. The racial demographics are as follows: (7) African American students (9) white children and (10) Hispanic students or record. Of the total cohort (6) are documented as “exceptional students”. The groups under study are my (6th) grade sections. As evidenced by the cohort’s student achievement data the aggregate group’s performance is about (1) year below grade level expectation. The social plight of these students further complicates or might I say compromises the validity of the student’s individual and aggregate student performance as it relates to proficiency, however both student cohorts are very similar in demographic profile and make-up.
The target group is comprised of (26) exceptional students of whom most have residential placements in local group homes. Due to the many and varied challenges of the cohorts under study, the intervention of Student-Reflection is a sought out strategy to assist this fragile group in crystalizing and deepening their understanding in the subject-area of Mathematics. Such strategies as evidenced by the research have had great success in the improvement of Math proficiency, particularly amongst struggling students.
The baseline data will be the student achievement data from the state’s criterion-referenced assessment which is aligned to grade level expectation and state benchmark standards in Reading, Math, Writing and Science. However the lens in which I will be honing in on is the subject-area of Mathematics. During the implementation of the study I will divide the content into digestible chunks and assess student performance (pre, mid and post) implementation. One group will receive formal instruction in Student-Reflection paired with Math instruction while the controlled group will receive quality instruction without the benefit of formal instruction in Student-Reflection.
Review of Literature
Metacognition and Student-Reflection
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (106μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (120μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (110μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (131μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (117μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (146μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (123μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (143μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (120μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (137μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (118μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (149μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (128μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (127μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (153μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (127μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (250μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (1.23ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (885μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (89μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (316μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.13ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (232μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (259μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (238μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (153μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (242μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (117μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (141μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (110μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (124μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (105μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (118μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (102μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (130μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (108μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (389μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (16μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (300μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (70μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (154μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (65μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (192μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (49μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.41ms)
      • creating: components.footer (74μs)
      • composing: components.footer (70μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (598μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (273μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (844μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (948μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (65μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (383μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (306μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (173μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (146μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (497μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (227μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (265μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (159μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (182μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (163μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (153μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (140μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (231μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (125μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (236μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (57μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (89μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (42μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (82μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (40μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (78μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (39μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (76μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (39μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (78μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (39μs)
      • 312 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (19.8%)
        78.38ms
        19 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (8.02%)
        31.75ms
        19 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (5.97%)
        23.62ms
        10 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.65%)
        6.55ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (1.32%)
        5.21ms
        10 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (1.11%)
        4.39ms
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.35%)
        1.38ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.27%)
        1.06ms
        11 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.24%)
        952μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.14%)
        538μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.1%)
        389μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.09%)
        356μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.08%)
        300μs
        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.07%)
        279μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.06%)
        255μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.06%)
        236μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.06%)
        231μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.05%)
        210μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.05%)
        206μs
        8 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.05%)
        203μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.05%)
        194μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.05%)
        192μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.05%)
        179μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        168μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.04%)
        154μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.04%)
        139μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.03%)
        125μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.02%)
        89μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.02%)
        88μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.02%)
        87μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.02%)
        82μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.02%)
        78μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)
        78μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.02%)
        76μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.02%)
        74μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.02%)
        70μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.02%)
        70μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.02%)
        65μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.02%)
        64μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.01%)
        57μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.01%)
        49μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)
        47μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        42μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.01%)
        41μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        40μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)
        39μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)
        39μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        39μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0%)
        16μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      19 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 15 unique. Show only duplicated40.94ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '21083' limit 1
        10.85mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 21083
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (290)
        1.41mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (21083)
        1.26mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 39 limit 1
        1.24mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 39
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 21083 and `subject` = 290 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        8.76mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 21083
        • 1: 290
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (290)
        2.2mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 21083 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.29mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 21083
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 21083 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.3mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 21083
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 21083 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.2mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 21083
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 39 limit 1
        1.17mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 39
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.16mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 4 limit 1
        1.05mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        1.03mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        990μstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 11 limit 1
        1.26mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 11
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 5 limit 1
        940μstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 34 limit 1
        940μstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 34
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        1.62mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.27mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      11SubjectCat.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      8HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
          _token
          sWPaAI2H5WWQyMYr3EfdKh8k6GIswrIR5ttVcvox
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Education/Curriculum-Development/21083
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Education/Curri...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /college-homework-library/Education/Curriculum-Development/21083
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
          request_headers
          0 of 0
          array:21 [ "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-amzn-trace-id" => array:1 [ 0 => "Root=1-680b6134-16aa189562d79fad00f9db7f" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "staging.dev.24houranswers.com" ] "x-forwarded-port" => array:1 [ 0 => "443" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "18.219.194.232" ] "content-length" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] ]
          request_cookies
          []
          
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