Home Homework Library Engineering Corrosion Materials & Corrosion exam question (a) (i) How would you meas...

Materials & Corrosion exam question (a) (i) How would you meas...

Question

Materials & Corrosion exam question
(a) (i) How would you measure the tensile properties of a material (2)
(ii) Explain what the terms elastic limit and ultimate tensile stress mean (2)
(iii) Using a sketch show how you would determine the yield stress in a material that does not show a definite yield point (3)
(b) Gas with 3 mole% CO2 and 1 mole% H2S will be produced from a well through a carbon steel (L80) tubing at 100 bar and 100°C. You are conducting a corrosion assessment.
(i) What is the dominant corrosion regime and why? (2)
(ii) Name three possible corrosion mechanisms that could occur because of the H2S (3)
(iii) How can you reduce the risk of the potential corrosion mechanisms you have identified in b(ii) (3)
(iv) What specifications should I use to assess the suitability of the tubing material for the application. (2)
(c) For the design of a seawater injection completion you have been asked to specify the well completion materials based on lowest possible cost and no workovers. The seawater will be treated to reduce the oxygen content to <10ppb but given the experience with water treatment on the platform there is an expectation that there will be regular excursions >1ppm oxygen. The maximum design temperature for the injected seawater is 35°C. For the following components give your preferred materials selection and explain why:
(i) Wellhead tree (2)
(ii) Tubing hanger (2)
(iii) Tubing (2)
(iv) Sub-surface safety valve body (2)

Question:
(a)
Sketch a tensile stress-strain curve and explain its main features. (6)
Why is the yield stress important in design? (1)
Explain the term “toughness” and name 2 practical methods for determining the toughness in steel. (3)
(b)
A carbon steel tubing will produce gas with 3 mole% CO2 and 1000ppm H2S at 100 bar. You are conducting a corrosion assessment.
(i) What is the dominant corrosion regime and why (2)
(ii) Name the possible corrosion mechanisms that could occur (3)
(iii) How can you mitigate the potential corrosion mechanisms (3)
(iv) What specifications should I use to assess the suitability of the tubing material for the application. (2)
(c)
(i) In what conditions is microbial induced corrosion (MIC) a threat? (2)
(ii) How can you mitigate MIC? (2)
(iii) In a well completion where is it most likely to occur? (1)

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Question-A)
1) Tensile properties of the material are very much significant in the design of the structures.
Tensile properties of the material can be determined using equipment like universal testing machine. UTM is very much useful for determining tensile properties of materials like steel, iron rod, ms rod, plastics etc.
Young’s modulus, poison’s ratio and yield strength are some of the tensile properties of the materials, which can be determined using UTM.
Tensile strength can be determined by finding the actual stress applied on the specimen (the ratio of the load applied to the cross sectional area) and the strain in the member. The ratio of the stress to strain will provide young’s modulus of elasticity.
Ultimate strength is the maximum stress which the specimen will bear before undergoing the fracture.
Fracture strength is the stress at the point where the material is subjected to fracture.
Each of the above parameters can be determined from the readings on UTM and from using Extenso-meter for measuring the increase in the length of the member (Javherdasthi et al, 2016).

2) Elastic limit and the Ultimate tensile strength
Elastic limit is the maximum deformation point to which the body can be stretched without any permanent alteration or permanent deformation in the body. Beyond the elastic limit if the body is stretched it will not return back to its original length and shape.
Ultimate tensile strength is the maximum stress which the body experiences during the tensile testing cycle.
Ultimate tensile strength of a ductile material is shown in the following

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Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (245μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (197μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (128μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (108μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (271μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (203μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (136μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (133μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (106μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (141μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (200μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (174μs)
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composing: site.headers.header (82μs)
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Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (775μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (337μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (295μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (148μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (141μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (176μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (126μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (250μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (348μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (210μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (195μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (143μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (132μs)
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15 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (10.77%)	56.16ms
3 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (6.39%)	33.30ms
15 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (5.94%)	30.96ms
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1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.57%)	2.97ms
1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\User\TutorAttributes\TutorDegree (0.31%)	1.63ms
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2 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.2%)	1.05ms
3 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (0.2%)	1.05ms
1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.19%)	1.00ms
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1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
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1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
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uri: GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
middleware: web, utm.parameters
controller: App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
namespace
where
as: homework.show
file: app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176

15 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 11 unique. Show only duplicated42.18ms

Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91

Backtrace

13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '53903' limit 1

7.3mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97

Bindings	0: published 1: 0 2: 53903
Backtrace	16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (445)

3.26mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97

Backtrace

21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (53903)

1.08mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97

Backtrace

21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205

select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1

950μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201

Bindings	0: 10
Backtrace	20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260

Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#124

Backtrace

13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:124
14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
17. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:136
18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54

select * from `users` where `disable_profile` = 0 and `picture` != '' and `solutionrequestQualified` = 1 and `is_suspended` = 0 and `is_deactivated` = 0 and `status` != '' and `status` = 'tutor' order by `completed_requests` desc limit 3

13.95mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#128

Bindings	0: 0 1: 2: 1 3: 0 4: 0 5: 6: tutor
Backtrace	14. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:128 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419 18. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:136 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54

select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 6002 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1

1.42mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361

Bindings	0: 6002
Backtrace	18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361 19. app/Transformers/Tutor/TutorTransformer.php:72 22. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128 23. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107 24. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383

select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 2821 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1

4.91mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361

Bindings	0: 2821
Backtrace	18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361 19. app/Transformers/Tutor/TutorTransformer.php:72 22. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128 23. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107 24. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383

select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 6531 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1

900μstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361

Bindings	0: 6531
Backtrace	18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361 19. app/Transformers/Tutor/TutorTransformer.php:72 22. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128 23. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107 24. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383

select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 53903 and `subject` = 445 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6

1.61mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30

Bindings	0: 53903 1: 445 2: published 3: 0
Backtrace	14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139

select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (445)

2.65mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30

Backtrace

19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139

select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 53903 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc

860μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260

Bindings	0: 53903 1: question
Backtrace	15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383

select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 53903 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc

790μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260

Bindings	0: 53903 1: teaser
Backtrace	15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383

select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 53903 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc

820μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260

Bindings	0: 53903 1: solution
Backtrace	15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383

select count(*) as aggregate from `users` where `disable_profile` = 0 and `picture` != '' and `solutionrequestQualified` = 1 and `is_suspended` = 0 and `is_deactivated` = 0 and `status` != '' and `status` = 'tutor'

860μstwenty4_siteTutor.php#479

Bindings	0: 0 1: 2: 1 3: 0 4: 0 5: 6: tutor
Backtrace	15. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:479 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419 19. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:480 20. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:169

select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1

820μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201

Bindings	0: 10
Backtrace	20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70

App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile: 5HomeworkLibraryFile.php
App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary: 3HomeworkLibrary.php
App\Models\User\Tutor: 3Tutor.php
App\Models\Subject: 2Subject.php
App\Models\SubjectCat: 2SubjectCat.php

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