Question
For this assignment, groups of 3-4 students will work together to research and write a short report (5-6 pages) about a specific river basin in the U.S.A. or elsewhere. The basin’s size can range from small to large.

You may select your own groups or I can help put them together: please inform me in either case. I will meet briefly with each group in the two weeks after spring break (weeks of 23 and 30 March). I must approve each group’s choice of basin.

The core theme of your report should be the relations among the different water uses and users in the basin. What are the important water issues and problems in the basin today? What is the relevant historical background?

Each report should include the following components:
- An introductory and overview paragraph.
- Brief description of basin’s physical geography: landscapes, ecosystems, climate, water resources
- Description of the basin’s important water uses and users, human and environmental, and their relationships. Description of the key actors in water use and governance, and discussion of how different water uses correspond to different socio-economic sectors and activities in the basin (e.g., agriculture, cities, industry, energy, fisheries, navigation, recreation, etc.).
- Summary of the legal and political framework for water governance.
- Include relevant historical background and current situation.
- Discussion of how the basin’s water situation today relates to issues of water policy and political economy studied in class throughout the semester.
- At least one map.
- At least ten references, only half of which can be from web-only sources.

The map and references are not included in the report’s page count.

Sources: Start with the required books (Bates, Worster, Postel/Richter): all three have a lot of specific information about different river basins. Check their references and bibliography. Also see me for recommendations.
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Introduction
The Rio Grande is a major river of the American Southwest, second only to the Colorado in size and usage. Like the Colorado, the Rio Grande has been heavily engineered by humans and its waters have been a source of contention, complicated politics, agreements and environmental issues since new settlers arrived along its course. The river flows out of the mountains in Colorado, through New Mexico, and along the Texas-Mexico border en route to the Gulf of Mexico. In the process, the Rio Grande provides the “lifeblood” to this semi-arid region with more than 3.5 million people (Waterstone, 2013). It supplies irrigation, drinking water, hydropower, industrial uses and recreation, among others. Below the historical context of the Rio Grande water use and current issues are described.

Physical Geography
The river is the second longest in the U.S. and stretches for nearly 2000 miles from its headwaters in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado to the Gulf of Mexico along the U.S.-Mexico Border. The river’s basin incorporates more than 336,000 square miles, 30% of which is arid with little water otherwise (Rister, et al., 2011). The river is generally categorized into three different regions separated by differences in climate, ecology, and ultimately, dams.
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (220μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (204μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (172μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (457μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (174μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (462μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (524μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (301μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (680μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (219μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (291μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (263μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (183μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (302μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (692μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (262μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (296μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (303μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (157μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (277μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (373μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (321μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (493μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (204μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (996μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (843μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (92μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.31ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (260μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (265μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (179μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (200μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (184μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (160μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (323μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (651μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (757μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (322μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (435μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (2.1ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (541μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (363μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (437μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (288μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (754μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (32μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (388μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (161μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (622μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (126μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (403μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (82μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (2.39ms)
      • creating: components.footer (86μs)
      • composing: components.footer (96μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.37ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (524μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (920μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.26ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (64μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (2.21ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (481μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (301μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (312μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (275μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (206μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (411μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (332μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (248μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (229μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (209μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (231μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (212μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (233μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (157μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (229μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (148μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (1.43ms)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (86μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (114μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (71μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (106μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (68μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (105μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (68μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (100μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (67μs)
      • 311 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (17.27%)
        108ms
        20 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (4.99%)
        31.24ms
        20 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (4.06%)
        25.45ms
        11 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (3.1%)
        19.41ms
        11 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (2.02%)
        12.68ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (0.8%)
        4.98ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.54%)
        3.41ms
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.28%)
        1.72ms
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.23%)
        1.43ms
        12 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.22%)
        1.37ms
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.12%)
        754μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.11%)
        661μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.1%)
        622μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.08%)
        487μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.08%)
        474μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.08%)
        471μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.06%)
        403μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.06%)
        388μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.06%)
        368μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.05%)
        337μs
        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        264μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.04%)
        261μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.04%)
        233μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.04%)
        229μs
        15 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.04%)
        228μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.04%)
        221μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.03%)
        177μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.03%)
        167μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.03%)
        161μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.03%)
        160μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.03%)
        157μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.02%)
        148μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.02%)
        126μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.02%)
        114μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.02%)
        106μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.02%)
        105μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)
        100μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.02%)
        96μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.01%)
        86μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        86μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.01%)
        82μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        71μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        68μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)
        68μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)
        67μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.01%)
        64μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        61μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)
        40μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0.01%)
        32μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      20 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 16 unique. Show only duplicated36.35ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '23401' limit 1
        12.2mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 23401
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (179)
        1.13mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (23401)
        1.08mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 21 limit 1
        950μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 21
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 23401 and `subject` = 179 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        2.95mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 23401
        • 1: 179
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (179)
        1.04mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 23401 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.65mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 23401
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 23401 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.08mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 23401
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 23401 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.02mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 23401
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 21 limit 1
        1.14mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 21
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        1.16mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.2mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 4 limit 1
        1.2mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        1.27mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        1.23mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 11 limit 1
        1mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 11
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 5 limit 1
        1.06mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 34 limit 1
        1.09mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 34
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        1.4mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.5mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      15HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      12SubjectCat.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
          _token
          Y3FuRlR79Xm0V5gUy3s8nG7QHlJRKvFPa57MyHtU
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Geography/Geography-Other/23401
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Geography/Geogr...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /college-homework-library/Geography/Geography-Other/23401
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
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