Question
Connections within the Americas:
Understanding the complexity of migrant farm workers in the US

The topic:
Migrant farm workers are an integral part of food production in the United States. But their presence is highly political and contested. Many are subjected to poor working conditions, long hours, and have no recourse when they are unpaid. The work often required farmer laborers and their families to move frequently, following seasonal harvests. While many are undocumented, others arrive in the US as part of “guest worker” programs. In this assignment you are asked to read about the state of migrant labor in the US, and use critical thinking to answer questions that draw on the course themes of interconnection, interdependence, labor and commodity chains.

The assignment:
Read the article “Migrant Farm Workers: Our Nation's Invisible Population” and also “Case of Guatemalans at Iowa plant reflects desperation amid globalization”

The questions:

Part I

1. Where do most migrant farm workers in the US come from?

2. Why are migrant farm workers a necessary component in agriculture and food production?

3. Why are migrant workers often described as “invisible”?

4. What are some challenges migrant farmers face in the US?

Part II

5. What are some of the push and pull factors for workers coming north from Central and Latin America? What are some of the hazards they face along the way?

6. What role do remittances play in sending communities?

7. What steps could be taken to ensure better treatment and pay for farm workers? How might these steps impact commodity chains?
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Part I

1. Where do most migrant farm workers in the US come from?

Most of the workers are predominantly from Mexico, while there is also a significant number if migrant farm workers that come from Jamaica, Haiti, Guatemala, Honduras, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It is clear that countries in the Latin America and in the Caribbean are in most cases the homelands of these immigrants. These migrants in average are 31 years old and part of them comes single, while other part is married and comes in an effort to support their families back home.

2. Why are migrant farm workers a necessary component in agriculture and food production?

They are necessary component in agriculture and food production as hand labor is still required for picking up the blemish-free fruits and vegetables that are in need by the market. The American economy is changing in a way that the jobs in agriculture and food production are becoming undesirable for the native population, as they are poorly paid, working conditions are bad and thus migrant workers fill in the positions that are not wanted by the US citizens.
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        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
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        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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        990μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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        960μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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        2.47mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (179)
        1.19mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 23838 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.24mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
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        2.46mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
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        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
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        1.31mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
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