Choose 4 of the 20 different ideas that are important. For each, ex...

Question
Choose 4 of the 20 different ideas that are important. For each, explain their significance and then identify and discuss how the research studies you read or heard about has strengthened your agreement or disagreement with the statement or has led you to change your views. You may NOT take a stance that you neither agree nor disagree – you must be decisive. Clearly you will have to cite several different resources to complete this reflection, and you will need to include a reference section at the end of the paper.

You will need to choose and organize your ideas logically so that your reflection paper has some flow to it. That being said, you can choose ANY of the 20 ideas below.

1. Languages are learned mainly through imitation.
2. Parents should correct young children when they make grammatical errors.
3. If a person doesn’t begin to learn a second language before puberty, he or she will be unable to learn the language.
4. The earlier a second language is introduced in school programs, the greater the likelihood of success in learning.
5. Young children are the best learners of additional languages.
6. Most of the mistakes that second language learners make are due to interference from their first language.
7. A person’s first language can help them learn their second language.
8. Learners’ errors should be corrected as soon as they are made in order to prevent the formation of bad habits.
9. When learners are allowed to interact freely (for example, in group or pair activities), they copy each other’s mistakes.
10. Teachers should respond to students’ errors by correctly rephrasing what they have said rather than by explicitly pointing out the error.
11. Teachers don’t need to focus on rules (like grammar) for students to learn a second language.
12. Teachers should use materials that expose students only to language structures they have already been taught.
13. Teachers should teach simple language structures before complex ones.
14. Classrooms are good places to learn about language but not for learning how to use language.
15. Language learning is systematic.
16. Highly intelligent people are good language learners.
17. Some people who have normal cognitive development just can’t learn a second language because they lack the ability.
18. The most important predictor of success in second language acquisition is motivation.
19. External motivation is not helpful in learning a second language.
20. Extroverted people make better language learners than introverted people.these are 20 ideas you can choose just four.
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3. If a person doesn’t begin to learn a second language before puberty, he or she will be unable to learn the language.

The significance of the validity of this statement lies the proposition that there may be a “critical period” for language acquisition due to the loss of neural plasticity (Penfield & Roberts 1959), that the older a person gets, the more difficult it is to learn the language. This perspective was reinforced by Knudsen (2004) with his study on animal learning where he demonstrated that certain abilities (e.g. vision for kittens, filial imprinting for ducklings) are only developed within a limited time period.

I am, however, of the opinion that second language acquisition does not have a critical period (i.e. before puberty) where the lapse of such period renders learning impossible. The human mind is more complex and adaptable, and it does not simply lose its proficiency for language. This is evidenced by success cases where the second language was learned at a later age. The study of Ioup, et al. (1994), for example, showed that a woman (Julie) 21 years of age can adopt a foreign language (without formal instruction!) in a span of two and a half years. Julie’s case is not an isolated one, as other cases have been documented where late adult learners were able to acquire foreign languages past the supposed critical age of puberty, albeit with difficulty.

The Critical Period Hypothesis has great bearing on policy and legislation concerning the mandating of public schools to impose foreign language instruction during the first years of grade school without regard to the school’s available resources and the unique conditions it is situated (Ortega 2009). The belief of “it’s now or never” may cause undue pressure not only on the children, but also on the parents and the educators. Trying to cram a new language down children’s throats because they have a supposed “deadline” to learning may prove to be counterproductive.
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (161μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (228μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (184μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (250μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (249μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (289μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (182μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (191μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (162μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (153μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (172μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (230μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (201μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (163μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (257μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (905μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.07ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (85μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (315μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.02ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (208μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (161μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (160μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (182μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (159μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (172μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (208μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (163μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (174μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (154μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (570μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (24μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (695μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (105μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (236μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (76μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (391μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (159μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.82ms)
      • creating: components.footer (74μs)
      • composing: components.footer (117μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (959μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (457μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (846μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.14ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (56μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (304μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (389μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (274μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (884μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (559μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (331μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (274μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (268μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (198μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (273μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (87μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (150μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (77μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (137μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (65μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (169μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (72μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (128μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (66μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (134μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (64μs)
      • 312 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (17.92%)
        106ms
        19 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (6.28%)
        37.20ms
        19 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (4.2%)
        24.92ms
        10 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.12%)
        6.62ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (0.96%)
        5.68ms
        10 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (0.68%)
        4.06ms
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.29%)
        1.73ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.29%)
        1.71ms
        11 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.16%)
        923μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.12%)
        695μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.1%)
        575μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.1%)
        570μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.09%)
        535μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.09%)
        511μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.07%)
        391μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.05%)
        273μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.05%)
        268μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.04%)
        263μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        239μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.04%)
        236μs
        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        227μs
        3 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.04%)
        224μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        210μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.04%)
        208μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.03%)
        198μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.03%)
        169μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.03%)
        159μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.03%)
        150μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.02%)
        137μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)
        134μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.02%)
        132μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.02%)
        129μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.02%)
        128μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.02%)
        117μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.02%)
        105μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.02%)
        105μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.01%)
        87μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        77μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.01%)
        76μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.01%)
        74μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)
        72μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)
        68μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        67μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        66μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        65μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)
        64μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.01%)
        57μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        50μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0%)
        24μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      19 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 15 unique. Show only duplicated46.56ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '24246' limit 1
        8.8mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 24246
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (44)
        1.13mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (24246)
        12.98mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 9 limit 1
        1.18mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 9
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 24246 and `subject` = 44 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        6.08mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 24246
        • 1: 44
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (44)
        1.02mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 24246 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.04mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 24246
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 24246 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.47mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 24246
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 24246 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.17mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 24246
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 9 limit 1
        1.11mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 9
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.31mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 4 limit 1
        1.02mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        1.13mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        1.11mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 11 limit 1
        1.12mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 11
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 5 limit 1
        1.08mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 34 limit 1
        1.13mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 34
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        1.46mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.22mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      11SubjectCat.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      3HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
          _token
          TC2WlNdMFmimlCVMlLePQcsWNdA8oOWiHtfAuHrV
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Languages/English/24246
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Languages/Engli...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /college-homework-library/Languages/English/24246
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
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