Question 1 1. Billy Jones owns a small business and want to limit...

Question
Question 1
1. Billy Jones owns a small business and want to limit his monetary liability for his own negligence (negligent acts that cause harm to his customers). Which of the following types of contracts should be used to limit this type of liability?
Covenant not to compete
Unconscionable contract
Exculpatory clause
Nondisclosure agreement
Question 2
1. In which of the following situations would a non-compete agreement (i.e. covenant not to compete) be considered illegal?
At the time that a business is sold.
As part of an employment agreement.
Between two competitors, but not as part of the sale of business or employment agreement. For example, competitor A agrees he will only sell goods in Oklahoma and competitior B agrees to only sell goods in Texas.
None of the above.
Question 3
1. Which of the following are TWO factors an court will consider when determining whether a non-compete agreement is valid?
The geographic region included in the restriction. "Is the geographic region too broad?"
The duration of the non-compete. In other words, the length of time the employee is prohibited from competiting. "Employee cannot compete for a three year period."
All of the above.
None of the above.
Question 4
1. Shawn has been injured by Tom's negligence. Shawn is trying to settle the incident directly with Tom, to avoid going to court. Shawn's medical losses were $5,000 and Shawn says to Tom, "Pay me $5,000 or I'll sue you in civil court to recover my damages." Tom does not want to enter into this contract (i.e. settlement), but feels like he has no choice because of Shawn's threat. Tom agrees, signs the settlement and later claims he does not have to pay the $5,000 because the contract is unenforceable. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding Tom's argument that he does not have to honor the contract?
Tom is correct. He entered into the contract under undue influence.
Tom is correct. He entered into the contract under fraud.
Tom is correct. He entered into the contract under duress, because Shawn threatened civil litigation.
Tom is incorrect. Even though he did not want to enter into the contract, threats of civil action are not sufficient to create a claim duress.


Case Study Questions
1)   The Unit Seven folder includes a link to the case of Cardiovascular Surgical Specialists, Corporation, Appellee, v. Robert B. Mammana, M.D., Appellant. Print and read the case and then return to this question and answer the following questions. To receive full credit, your responses must be written in complete sentences, using proper grammar and your answer must thoroughly address all portions of the question. The court decision provides you with very thorough analysis of these issues and student responses should incorporate that analysis. Legal writing does sometimes require exact recitation of rules or principles, but your response should not be be a direct "cut paste" from the case. Explain the relevant principles and standards in your own words.
1. What were the terms of this covenant not to compete?
2. Was this covenant executed as part of the sale of a business or pursuant to an employment relationship?
3. Summarize the rules that the court sets forth regarding what types of conduct CAN and CANNOT be legally regulated in a covenant not to compete.
4. Was this covenant not to compete determined to be valid? Why or why not?

2)    The Unit Seven folder includes a link to the case of GEORGIA N. BURD, Plaintiff/Appellant, vs. KL SHANGRI-LA OWNERS, L.P., HIGHGATE HOTELS, INC., and HIGHGATE HOLDINGS, INC., all d/b/a SHANGRI-LA RESORT and JOHN DOE 1-3, Defendants/Appellees.
Print and read the case and then return to this question and answer the following questions. To receive full credit, your responses must be written in complete sentences, using proper grammar and your answer must thoroughly address all portions of the question. The court decision provides you with very thorough analysis of these issues and student responses should incorporate that analysis. Legal writing does sometimes require exact recitation of rules or principles, but your response should not be be a direct "cut and paste" from the case. Explain the relevant principles and standards in your own words.
1. What is the purpose of an exculpatory clause?
2. Briefly explain the facts that led to the signing of the exculpatory clause in this case.
3. The court explains that exculpatory clauses must pass a validity test. What are the elements of the validity test?
4. Discuss whether the exculpatory clause being examined in this case was determined to be a valid or invalid waiver of liability. Explain the court's analysis.
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Case Study Questions
Case Study One
In the covenant between Cardiovascular Surgical Specialists, Corporation, and Robert B. Mammana, several agreement terms prohibited competition. As such, Mammana’s employment contract comprised of a non-compete clause, which ascertained that within two years after his employment with Cardiovascular Surgical Specialists Corporation, the physician would not practice cardiovascular as well as thoracic surgical processes within a radius of 20 miles of the employer. Another non-compete provision was that nine months after his employment with CSS; Mammana was prohibited from lobbying, deflecting, or even receiving referrals from any CSS referrals. Besides, the two parties had agreed that, within a year of his contract, the physician would not petition or divert any CSS patients’ business. This provision did not apply only where a patient affirmatively requested to continue seeing the physician and not CSS.
The details of the case clearly manifest that the covenant was executed primarily pursuant to an employment relationship as opposed to the sale of business. As defined in the case, the covenant terms were especially applicable, between the times that
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (217μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (179μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (162μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (249μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (179μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (180μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (155μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (159μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (150μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (146μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (265μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (255μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (210μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (160μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (227μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (189μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (238μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (172μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (189μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (160μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (182μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (155μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (177μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (154μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (176μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (227μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (201μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (465μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (25μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (466μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (107μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (191μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (75μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (284μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (74μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.67ms)
      • creating: components.footer (82μs)
      • composing: components.footer (90μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (856μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (273μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (298μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (197μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (176μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (359μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (338μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (179μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (189μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (178μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (246μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (153μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (140μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (70μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (110μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (64μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (108μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (63μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (107μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (61μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (105μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (61μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (105μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (62μs)
      • 321 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (21.73%)
        79.24ms
        10 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (6.07%)
        22.15ms
        10 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (3.64%)
        13.27ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (1.84%)
        6.69ms
        1 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (0.61%)
        2.22ms
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.3%)
        1.08ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.2%)
        747μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.17%)
        611μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.13%)
        466μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.13%)
        465μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.12%)
        426μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.11%)
        400μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.08%)
        284μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.07%)
        258μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.07%)
        246μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.06%)
        237μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.06%)
        222μs
        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.06%)
        215μs
        1 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (0.06%)
        213μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.05%)
        191μs
        10 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.05%)
        179μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.05%)
        175μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.04%)
        160μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        154μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.04%)
        153μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.04%)
        140μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.03%)
        118μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.03%)
        115μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.03%)
        110μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.03%)
        108μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.03%)
        107μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.03%)
        107μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.03%)
        105μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.03%)
        105μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.03%)
        105μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.02%)
        90μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.02%)
        82μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.02%)
        75μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.02%)
        74μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.02%)
        70μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.02%)
        64μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.02%)
        63μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)
        62μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.02%)
        61μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.02%)
        61μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        42μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)
        42μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.01%)
        40μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0.01%)
        25μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      10 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 6 unique. Show only duplicated27.65ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '35006' limit 1
        14.29mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 35006
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (452)
        1.18mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (35006)
        3.65mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 40 limit 1
        850μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 40
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 35006 and `subject` = 452 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        2.84mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 35006
        • 1: 452
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (452)
        1.03mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 35006 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.13mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 35006
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 35006 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        920μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 35006
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 35006 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        910μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 35006
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 40 limit 1
        850μstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 40
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      10HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      2SubjectCat.php
          _token
          B8DyVKwnq86qqPzDrN7Jk91otZ622I2CoS6zkgOK
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Law/Business-Law/35006
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Law/Business-La...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /college-homework-library/Law/Business-Law/35006
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
          request_headers
          0 of 0
          array:21 [ "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-amzn-trace-id" => array:1 [ 0 => "Root=1-6803e587-6bba309726338d82328cf16d" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "staging.dev.24houranswers.com" ] "x-forwarded-port" => array:1 [ 0 => "443" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.14.86.75" ] "content-length" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] ]
          request_cookies
          []
          
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