Question
Identifying Risks and Hazards—Part 1
Instructions
For this Assignment, review this week’s Learning Resources. Open SPSS and then use the file/open/data command to open the dataset asbestos.sav. This is data collected on the incidence of lung cancer for those exposed to asbestos and those not exposed.
Run a chi-square for independence and odds ratio analysis as per this Week’s demonstration video. Then, provide your response to all items in this worksheet.
Note: You will use the SPSS Output generated in this Assignment 1 to complete Assignment 2 as well.
Step 1: Set up your hypothesis and determine the level of significance
1. State the alternative/research hypothesis in written format.
2. State the null hypothesis in written format
3.What is your level of significance (choose α = .05 or α = .01)?
Step 2: Select the appropriate test statistic
4.What is the appropriate test statistic?
Step 3: Set up the decision rule
5. Based on the level of significance you set in step 1, what is your decision rule?
Note: Because there are 2 rows and 2 columns, the total degrees of freedom is 1.
Step 4: Compute the test statistic
Open SPSS and then use the file/open/data command to open the dataset asbestos.sav.
Select: Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Crosstabs
Move asbestos to the Row(s) box, and lungca to the Column(s) box. Click on Statistics and make sure Chi-Square and RISK are checked. Click on Cells, and check Observed and Expected (frequencies). Click Continue; click OK.
6. What is the X2 value computed by your SPSS analysis?
7. Paste your SPSS output here:
Step 5: Conclusion
8. Do you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?
9. Is there an association between asbestos exposure and lung cancer?
Part 2
1. From the SPSS output generated in this week’s Assignment 1, copy only your odds ratio analysis (“Risk Estimate”) portion of the output and paste, below:
2. The p-value associated with a chi-square test only suggests whether or not the results are statistically significant. Why is it important to also look at the odds ratio?
3. What does the odds ratio value in the SPSS output tell you, specifically, about lung cancer and exposure to asbestos?
4. Based on your answer above, would you say there is a strong association between asbestos exposure and lung cancer?
5. From the SPSS output generated in this week’s Assignment 1, copy only your “asbestos * lung cancer Crosstabulation” portion of the output and paste, below:
6. Using the formula provided in this week’s Learning Resources, and the data in the cross-tabulation output, calculate the odds ratio and show your work in your answer, below.
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1. There is relation between asbestos exposure and lung cancer occurrence.
2. There is no relation between asbestos exposure and lung cancer occurrence
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (138μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (118μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (139μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (121μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (217μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (153μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (137μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (104μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (122μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (105μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (122μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (109μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (129μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (106μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (135μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (100μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (115μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (98μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (127μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (116μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (138μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (111μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (130μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (107μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (208μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (2.92ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (985μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (81μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.15ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (263μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (228μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (136μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (138μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (125μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (155μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (108μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (133μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (106μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (130μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (112μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (365μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (162μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (129μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (103μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (115μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (114μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (391μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (17μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (307μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (107μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (167μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (51μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (222μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (49μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.46ms)
      • creating: components.footer (82μs)
      • composing: components.footer (76μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (701μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (285μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (959μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.12ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (63μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.5ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (317μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (229μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (196μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (189μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (233μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (426μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (345μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (323μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (239μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (232μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (223μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (219μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (254μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (178μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (146μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (74μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (108μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (64μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (102μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (68μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (98μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (62μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (100μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (66μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (101μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (66μs)
      • 312 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (13.69%)
        65.04ms
        19 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (13.27%)
        63.07ms
        19 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (6.64%)
        31.55ms
        10 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (2.14%)
        10.15ms
        10 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (1.54%)
        7.31ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (0.89%)
        4.25ms
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.28%)
        1.33ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.19%)
        906μs
        11 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.18%)
        833μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.11%)
        518μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.08%)
        391μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.07%)
        332μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.06%)
        307μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.05%)
        254μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.05%)
        248μs
        15 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.05%)
        234μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.05%)
        222μs
        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.05%)
        216μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.04%)
        207μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        189μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.04%)
        186μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.04%)
        178μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        169μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.04%)
        167μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.03%)
        146μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.02%)
        108μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.02%)
        107μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.02%)
        102μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)
        101μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.02%)
        100μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.02%)
        98μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.02%)
        89μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.02%)
        85μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.02%)
        82μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.02%)
        81μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.02%)
        76μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.02%)
        74μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        68μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        66μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)
        66μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        64μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)
        62μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        54μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.01%)
        51μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.01%)
        49μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        40μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.01%)
        40μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)
        39μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0%)
        17μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      19 statements were executed, 5 of which were duplicates, 14 unique. Show only duplicated82.73ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '45592' limit 1
        44.34mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 45592
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (134)
        1.02mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (45592)
        2.59mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        1.27mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 45592 and `subject` = 134 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        12.63mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 45592
        • 1: 134
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (134)
        1.13mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 45592 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.2mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 45592
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 45592 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.31mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 45592
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 45592 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.34mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 45592
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        1.26mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        1.27mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.34mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        1.31mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        1.42mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 11 limit 1
        1.42mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 11
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 5 limit 1
        1.48mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 34 limit 1
        1.67mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 34
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        3.37mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.36mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      15HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      11SubjectCat.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
          _token
          VfZrV9NDrswcdsC0uDSca2MWoZbgTXr4EiRIGHQK
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Mathematics/Advanced-Statistics/45592
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Mathematics/Adv...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /college-homework-library/Mathematics/Advanced-Statistics/45592
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
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