Question
An intro to psychology worksheet needs to be completed using a research article and the textbook. You are to include APA-formatted in-text citations for the textbook and the article you use for this analysis. You are to also list your references in APA format at the end of the worksheet.

- David Baker and Natacha Keramidas: The psychology of hunger

- Textbook - Introductory Psychology by Saundra Ciccarelli and J. Noland White - Pearson Learning Solutions - 2013

Questions:

1. What are the goals of psychology? (Answer is in Chapter 1 in your textbook).

The next questions pertain to the specific research study you are analyzing:
2. What is the topic of the study? (note: the topic is not the same as the title).

3. What is the name of the group or organization that sponsored the study or who is the researcher who conducted the study?

4. What is the hypothesis of the study (what did the researchers want to find out)? If no hypothesis is stated, what was the purpose of the research?

5. What is the population used for the study (what is the target group for the study –the sample size, next question, is chosen from a specified population)?

6. What is the sample size used for the study (How many people/animals were used in the study – this is a specific number)?

7. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? You need to answer this question: How does X (the independent variable) affect Y (the dependent variable)? Your response should be similar to your response to question 4.

8. What type of research design was employed for the study? (Descriptive Research, Correlational Research, Experimental Research). Explain the purpose of the research design. (HINT: Use your textbook to find out the purpose of the research design.)

9. What is strength of the research design selected for the study? What is a weakness of the research design selected for the study? (NOTE: Your response should focus on the type of research design, not the study itself…..That is, if you responded to Question 8 with Correlational Research, then in Question 9, you are to identify one strength of correlational research and one weakness of correlational research.)

10. What methods for collecting data did the researchers employ? Possible methods are (1) Observation in a Laboratory, (2) Naturalistic Observation, (3) Survey, (4) Interview, (5) Standardized test, (6) Case study, (7) Life history record, (8) Physiological Measures. Define the method. (HINT: Use your textbook to find out the definition of the method for collecting data.)

11. What is a strength of the method for collecting data? What is a weakness of the method for collecting data? (NOTE: This question is not asking you to identify a strength or weakness of the study, but to identify a strength and a weakness of the method of collecting data.).

12. What is the time frame of the research (Cross-sectional or Longitudinal)? Explain the time frame. (If the study is longitudinal, what is the timeframe?).

13. Explain how one theoretical perspective relates to the study. (The theoretical perspectives covered in Chapter 1 are: Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic, Biopsychological, Cognitive, Sociocultural, and Evolutionary).

14. What conclusions did the researchers make from the study?

15. What limitations, problems of bias, omission, or ethics associated with the study?

16. Now, go back to the first question you answered on this worksheet. Re-explain the study using the goals of psychology you identified in Question 1.

17. What type of psychologist would use the information from this study? (Refer to the Careers in Psychology website referenced in your learning activities for a list of careers in psychology.) Explain your choice.

18. How might the information from this study be useful to you now or in the future?

19. How does psychological research rely on critical thinking skills?
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1. Firstly, psychologists just like any other medical field endeavors to describe human behaviors. Before treating any condition, it is always imperative to make an informed description of the condition. Description is a part of prognosis.
Secondly, Psychology strives to explain human behavior. Psychologists explain why people do things the way they do. Some psychological theories explain specific aspects of some human behaviors. Such theories are known as mini-theories, for example, classical conditioning. Other theories explain the totality of human behavior. Such theories are called grand theories.
Thirdly, it is a prime goal of psychology to predict human behaviors. Psychologists are tasked with predicting on how human thinking influences how they act in specific conditions. We can therefore infer that it is the work of psychologists to answer the questions, When? Where? and How?
Lastly, Psychology is a field of change agents. Psychologists are always a part of solutions to problems that affect the human race. Among the responsibilities they have is to change, influence and to control human behaviors and actions where
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (177μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (117μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (146μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (120μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (133μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (113μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (127μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (111μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (150μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (120μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (135μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (117μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (127μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (104μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (119μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (101μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (155μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (115μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (127μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (109μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (123μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (102μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (120μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (106μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (130μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (106μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (127μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (105μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (121μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (105μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (128μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (114μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (225μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (139μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (142μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (116μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (153μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (738μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (822μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (103μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (441μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.43ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (239μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (143μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (140μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (139μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (132μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (120μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (180μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (112μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (127μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (103μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (120μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (104μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (120μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (104μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (119μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (108μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (371μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (17μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (419μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (80μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (157μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (51μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (237μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (53μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (2.04ms)
      • creating: components.footer (79μs)
      • composing: components.footer (74μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (676μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (254μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (826μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.14ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (93μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.23ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (314μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (209μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (217μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (198μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (230μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (306μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (360μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (247μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (212μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (204μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (222μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (213μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (339μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (155μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (119μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (70μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (102μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (74μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (121μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (71μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (102μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (66μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (106μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (69μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (100μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (68μs)
      • 311 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (16.69%)
        62.41ms
        20 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (12.59%)
        47.11ms
        20 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (9.34%)
        34.93ms
        11 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (3.25%)
        12.17ms
        11 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (2.25%)
        8.40ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (1.27%)
        4.74ms
        12 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.3%)
        1.13ms
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.29%)
        1.07ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.16%)
        613μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.12%)
        447μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.11%)
        419μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.11%)
        415μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.11%)
        414μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.1%)
        371μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.09%)
        353μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.09%)
        339μs
        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.06%)
        238μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.06%)
        237μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.06%)
        233μs
        5 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.06%)
        226μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.06%)
        222μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.05%)
        173μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.04%)
        157μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.04%)
        155μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        138μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.04%)
        138μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.03%)
        121μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.03%)
        119μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.03%)
        111μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.03%)
        106μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.03%)
        102μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.03%)
        102μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.03%)
        100μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.03%)
        99μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.02%)
        80μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.02%)
        79μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.02%)
        74μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.02%)
        74μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.02%)
        71μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.02%)
        70μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.02%)
        69μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)
        68μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.02%)
        66μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.01%)
        53μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.01%)
        51μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        41μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.01%)
        41μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)
        41μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0%)
        17μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      20 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 16 unique. Show only duplicated66.48ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '10322' limit 1
        12.14mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 10322
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (61)
        1.75mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (10322)
        1.31mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 12 limit 1
        1.01mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 12
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 10322 and `subject` = 61 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        13.93mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 10322
        • 1: 61
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (61)
        1.13mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 10322 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.41mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 10322
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 10322 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.32mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 10322
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 10322 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        15.71mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 10322
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 12 limit 1
        1.28mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 12
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        1.17mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        2.88mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 4 limit 1
        1.24mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        1.21mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        1.07mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 11 limit 1
        1.23mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 11
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 5 limit 1
        1.08mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 34 limit 1
        3.17mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 34
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        1.11mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.33mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      12SubjectCat.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      5HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
          _token
          uwqVKwYkc9iKA66MHLOgNt31iDK33axtQ6p1rWYF
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Psychology/Psychology-Other/10322
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Psychology/Psyc...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /college-homework-library/Psychology/Psychology-Other/10322
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
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