Question
1    Industrial and Organizational Psychology
From the topic of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, write about Transformational Leadership.
Reviewing sources outside of the required text book for this course, you are to identify the following:
• Definition of your selected leadership trait
• Characteristics of your selected leadership trait
• Apply this characteristic to a former teacher, business leader, or someone famous that is a leader.
USE THE REQUIRED HEADINGS FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT:
Definition
Characteristics
Application

2    Final Project
For your final project the topic is Anxiety: Causes, Symptoms and Therapy.
Remember that not only is content and breadth of your assignment an important part to your final project grade, so are the requirements.
ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS
• You are to provide a 3 page paper (minimum) in quality APA writing style.
• Font is 12 point Times New Roman, black.
• You are to use paragraph spacing and indentation.
• You are to use headings for each area of your paper (Intro, causes, impact, conclusion, etc.).
• You are not to cite from the textbook.
• You are to have outside resources support your work (also known as in-text citations).
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Transformational Leadership

Definition

Leadership is a skill that involves the ability of an individual or group of individuals to guide others. There are various forms of leadership styles employed in different organizations. The two major types of leadership employed in most organizations are transformational and transactional leadership. Transactional leadership emphasizes on predefining the goals and objectives of the organization (Judge & Piccolo, 2004). Transformational leadership is a type of leadership in which a leader cooperates with other assistants to identify required change, create a vision that will lead the change through motivation, and implementing the change in collaboration with committed members of the organization.

Characteristics

Transformational leadership purposes to boost the motivation, determination, and work performance of employees in an organization through a range of methods (Nayab, 2010). These include linking the people’s self and identity to a project or scheme and to the cooperative identity of the organization; challenging the members of the organization to take more ownership for their roles in the organization and the work they do; acknowledging the strengths and weaknesses of employees, consenting the leader to assign employees tasks that enrich their performance, and being a role model for employees so as to motivate them and to increase their interest and attention to the project.
Each member of the organization has specific wants and desires. For instance, some people are motivated by the money that they earn from performing well while others are motivated by change in the organization which causes their excitement. The personalized consideration section of transformational leadership distinguishes these desires (Bass & Riggio, 2006). The leader is required to be able to identify
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (132μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (134μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (130μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (108μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (122μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (110μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (136μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (111μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (136μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (113μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (121μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (105μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (124μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (134μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (148μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (117μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (136μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (163μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (229μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (806μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.1ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (79μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (953μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (278μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (120μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (128μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (145μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (112μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (143μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (107μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (131μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (114μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (127μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (109μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (121μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (109μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (125μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (105μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (360μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (18μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (300μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (70μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (123μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (63μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (188μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (52μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.38ms)
      • creating: components.footer (78μs)
      • composing: components.footer (73μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (628μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (230μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (875μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.61ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (78μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (356μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (298μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (155μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (123μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (115μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (117μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (245μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (145μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (142μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (122μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (125μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (117μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (225μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (118μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (147μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (49μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (95μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (43μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (84μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (40μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (80μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (38μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (92μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (39μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (80μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (38μs)
      • 311 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (18.53%)
        61.09ms
        20 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (10.9%)
        35.94ms
        20 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (8.66%)
        28.55ms
        11 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (2.63%)
        8.67ms
        11 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (2.51%)
        8.26ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (1.23%)
        4.05ms
        12 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.3%)
        991μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.23%)
        745μs
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.21%)
        695μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.13%)
        443μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.13%)
        431μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.11%)
        360μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.09%)
        300μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.09%)
        289μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.09%)
        281μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.07%)
        236μs
        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.07%)
        225μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.07%)
        225μs
        10 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.06%)
        210μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.06%)
        188μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.05%)
        152μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.04%)
        147μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        142μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.04%)
        123μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.04%)
        118μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.04%)
        118μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.03%)
        108μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.03%)
        99μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.03%)
        95μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.03%)
        92μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.03%)
        84μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.02%)
        80μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)
        80μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.02%)
        78μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.02%)
        73μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.02%)
        70μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.02%)
        63μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.02%)
        62μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.02%)
        59μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.02%)
        52μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.01%)
        49μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        43μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.01%)
        40μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        40μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        39μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        39μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)
        38μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)
        38μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0.01%)
        18μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      20 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 16 unique. Show only duplicated50.36ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '32040' limit 1
        11.91mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 32040
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (61)
        2.53mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (32040)
        1.16mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 12 limit 1
        1.07mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 12
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 32040 and `subject` = 61 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        14.39mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 32040
        • 1: 61
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (61)
        1.16mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 32040 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.22mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 32040
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 32040 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.45mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 32040
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 32040 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.3mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 32040
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 12 limit 1
        1.3mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 12
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        1.02mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.24mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 4 limit 1
        1.3mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        1.33mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        1.14mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 11 limit 1
        1.28mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 11
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 5 limit 1
        1.13mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 34 limit 1
        1.16mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 34
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        1.36mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.91mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      12SubjectCat.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      10HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
          _token
          hA8uezl2V2BtCzd0MaTElNFYXvDQiPLyNtbi5kqw
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Psychology/Psychology-Other/32040
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Psychology/Psyc...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /college-homework-library/Psychology/Psychology-Other/32040
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
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