Question
Jackson is a 26-year-old man who experienced a traumatic brain injury from a car accident. Prior to the accident, Jackson had experienced typical development with no history of psychiatric illness or cognitive impairment. At the time of accident, Jackson was a high school math teacher and coach of the varsity baseball team.

The accident resulted in Jackson being placed in a medically induced coma for 6 weeks in order to manage the swelling on his brain. A computerized tomography (CT scan) revealed Jackson suffered damage to his frontal and temporal lobes. His main deficits were in the areas of expressive language (aphasia) and writing (agraphia). After coming out of the coma and deemed medically stable, Jackson was transferred for rehabilitative services.

You are a behavioral analyst and a member of the interdisciplinary team. As the behavior analyst, you are working with Jackson along with a primary care physician, psychologist, social worker, speech and language pathologist, and occupational therapist. Typically, you and the speech and language pathologist work closely on verbal behavior. The speech pathologist asks you to perform a verbal behavior assessment.
Discuss the rationale and process for the verbal behavior assessment. Describe how you would perform your initial assessment and what additional verbal behavior assessment tools you would use. Review any individual, practical, ethical, or social validity concerns which may apply.
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The rationale and process for the behavioral assessment
According to Plavnick and Normand (2013), an evaluation of verbal behavior, especially when carried out prior to the intervention, is fundamental as it allows the practitioner to gain an in-depth understanding of the variables that not only evoke but also maintain verbal behavior. This, as well, contributes substantially towards designing the most effective intervention. What is more, Esch, LaLonde, and Esch (2010) clarify that the assessment helps the behavioral analyst to determine, efficiently and accurately, the communication that he or she should target for intervention. Esch, LaLonde, and Esch (2010) also relate that the assessment usually provides the necessary support to the documentation needed by agecies including performance comparisons.
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (648μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (226μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (557μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (262μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (370μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (226μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (202μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (336μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (694μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (171μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (362μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (422μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (741μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (870μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (415μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (973μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (24μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (8.85ms)
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (372μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (158μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (492μs)
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      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (159μs)
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      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (102μs)
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      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (139μs)
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      • 316 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (30.81%)
        217ms
        15 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (4.5%)
        31.75ms
        15 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (3.61%)
        25.44ms
        6 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (2.69%)
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        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.2%)
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        1.25ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.15%)
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        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.14%)
        1.02ms
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        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.03%)
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        14 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.03%)
        194μs
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        185μs
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        174μs
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        158μs
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        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.02%)
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        113μs
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        69μs
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        60μs
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      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
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      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
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      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      15 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 11 unique. Show only duplicated37.01ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '49105' limit 1
        15.39mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 49105
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (328)
        1.07mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (49105)
        2.37mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 12 limit 1
        1.11mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 12
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 49105 and `subject` = 328 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        4.31mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 49105
        • 1: 328
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (328)
        1.17mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 49105 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.3mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 49105
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 49105 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.03mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
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        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 49105 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.08mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 49105
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 12 limit 1
        1.1mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 12
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        1.02mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.04mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 4 limit 1
        1.15mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        2.27mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.6mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      14HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\SubjectCat
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      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
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