Question
Your Role: To provide you with tips and materials for writing a good article critique (i.e. APA formatting etc.). To be available to discuss questions or issues you run into pertaining to the writing of your critique. To give you sufficient constructive feedback on your critique to help you become a better writer as you progress through graduate school. This is not a research methods class so we won’t go into detail about each study itself. This activity is to help you get familiar with research articles AND to get practice on how to properly analyze a research article when reading one. (Article Critiques may also be graded by the Teaching Assistant)

Hurt, T. R. (2012). Toward a deeper understanding of the meaning of marriage among black men. Journal of Family Issues, 34, 859-884

The outline provided below is to offer you guidance in what to include in an article critique. Your article critique needs to be 5-7 pages long and incorporate some or all of the points below. Please use APA formatting and limit direct quotations to one per paper.

Introduction
a. Identify the references in the article (use APA format)
b. Describe the qualifications of the authors (such as research expertise, clinical experience, educational preparation)
c. Discuss the clarity and conciseness of the article title (type of study, variables, and population identified). Did it clearly indicate the focus of the study and create an interest in reading the research?
d. Discuss the quality of the abstract (includes purpose; highlights design, sample, intervention [if applicable], and key results)

2. Problem: Include both background and significance of the problem and problem statement.

3. State the purpose from the article.

4. Examine the literature review.
a. Are relevant previous studies and theories described? Provide an example of each.
b. Are the references current? (Number of sources in last 5 years? Last 5 years?)
c. Are the studies critiqued?
d. Describe the current knowledge (what is known and not known) about the research problem.

5. Examine the study framework or theoretical perspective.
a. Is the framework explicitly expressed, or must the reviewer extract the framework from implicit statements in the literature review.
b. Is the framework based on scientific, substantive, or tentative theory?
c. Does the framework identify, define, and describe relationships among the concepts of interest?
d. Is a map of the framework provided for clarity? If a map is not presented, develop a map that represents the study's framework and describe the map.
e. Link the study variables to the relevant concepts in the map.
f. How is the framework related to the body of knowledge in nursing

6. List any research objectives, questions, or hypotheses.

7. Identify and define (conceptually and operationally) the major study variables. Identify the study variables by examining the purpose and the objectives, questions, or hypotheses. Examine the results section to identify additional variables. Identify the type of each variable: independent, dependent, or research.
a. Independent variables: Identify and define conceptually and operationally
b. Dependent variables: Identify and define conceptually and operationally
c. Research variables: Identify and define conceptually and operationally

8. Identify attributes/demographic variables and other relevant terms.

9. Describe the research design.
a. Identify the specific design of the study.
b. Identify the treatment or intervention if appropriate for the study conducted.
c. How were subjects assigned to groups if groups were studied?
d. Were pilot study findings used to design this study? If yes, briefly discuss the pilot and the changes made in this study based on the pilot.

10. Describe the sample and setting.
a. Identify inclusion and exclusion sample criteria.
b. Indicate the method used to obtain the sample.
c. State the sample size. Indicate if a power analysis was conducted to determine the sample size. Identify the refusal to participate number and percentage.
d. Identify the characteristics of the sample.
e. Identify the sample mortality (or attrition) number and percentage.
f. Indicate the type of consent obtained and institutional review board approval.
g. Identify the study setting and indicate whether it is appropriate for the study purpose.

11. Identify and describe each measurement strategy used in the study with the following guidelines and put the information in the table below.
a. Identify the author of each instrument.
b. Identify the type of each measurement strategy (i.e. Likert scale, visual analog scale, physiological measure, questionnaire, observation, or interview).
c. Identify the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) achieved by each measurement strategy.
d. Discuss how the instrument was developed.
e. Report the reliability of each instrument from previous studies and the current study.
a. Report the validity of each instrument from previous studies and the current study.

12. Describe the procedures for data collection.
a. If appropriate, identify the intervention protocol.
b. Detail how the data were collected.

13. Describe the statistical analyses used.
b. List the statistical procedures used to describe the sample.
c. Was the level of significance or alpha identified? If so, indicate what it was (.05, .01, or .001).
d. List each objective, question, or hypothesis and: (1) identify the focus (description, relationships, or differences) of each objective, question, or hypothesis and (2) list the statistical procedures, the statistics, specific results, and probability value (p = ) in a table as shown next.

Purpose of Analysis Statistical Procedure Statistic Result Probability (p)
Difference between var1 & var2 t-test T p =
Difference between treatment & comparison groups Analysis of variance F p =
Association/Relationship of var1 & var2 Pearson correlation r p =

14. Describe the researcher's interpretation of findings.
a. Are the findings related back to the study framework?
b. Which findings are in keeping with those expected?
c. Which findings were unexpected?
d. Are the findings consistent with previous research findings?

15. What study limitations did the researcher identify?
16. How did the researcher generalize the findings?
17. What were the implications of the findings for nursing?
18. What suggestions for further study were identified?
19. Is the description of the study sufficiently clear to replication?
20. Format: APA

B. 1. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the study, such as strengths of the design and threats to design validity of the study. Compare the steps in the study with published research sources(s) and document these sources.

2. Discuss the logical links of the steps of the research process in the article. Be sure to discuss the links as they are found in the study and not as they should be. Document statements.

3. Develop a final summary evaluation of the quality of the study. Do not just restate strengths and weaknesses. Discuss your confidence in the study findings, consistency of this study’s findings with the findings from other studies, readiness of findings for use in practice, and contribution of the study to nursing knowledge. Document statements.

Note:
You do not need an abstract. You need a title page, the body of your paper, and a reference page. The title page and the reference page are not counted in the page minimum. Your paper needs to be formatted exactly like the sample APA paper posted in the course home under “APA formatting”
Solution Preview

These solutions may offer step-by-step problem-solving explanations or good writing examples that include modern styles of formatting and construction of bibliographies out of text citations and references.
Students may use these solutions for personal skill-building and practice.
Unethical use is strictly forbidden.

1. Introduction
The article ‘Towards a Deeper Understanding of the meaning of marriage Among Black Men’ is a qualitative research that attempts to examine the various impacts of marriage to the black men and their ideologies towards the same. The title clearly identifies the major parameters, which exhibit high levels of research subjectivity and unregulated opinions from the various research participants. The author Tare Hurt is a professor at Lowa State University of Science and Technology in the department of human development and family studies. The credentials of the author and previous works increases his comprehension of the various factors involved in the survey as well as the research questions. In an attempt to improve the validity, reliability, and convenience of the study, the author employs previous articles and findings from credible sources before indulging into his independent qualitative research. In the abstract, the article summarizes the existing literature review, which proposes that black men enjoy financial, emotional and social security from their marriages. Similarly, it identifies the research gap that most researchers have ignored in the past. The central question remains how black men perceive marriage and their ideological differences towards the same from other races.

2. Literature Review Analysis
Through literature review, Hurt identifies that majority of Black men benefit from their marriages.
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (381μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (216μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (175μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (286μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (178μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (284μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (172μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (240μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (221μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (171μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (277μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (174μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (167μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (287μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (175μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (191μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (167μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (366μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (307μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (202μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (606μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (218μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (395μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (205μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (304μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (242μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (178μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (200μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (248μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (207μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.02ms)
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (204μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (207μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (191μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (222μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (314μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (184μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (208μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (196μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (160μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (182μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (157μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (195μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (252μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (285μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (217μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (206μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (2.86ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (411μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (4.3ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.2ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (70μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (527μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.12ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (742μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (347μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (214μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (302μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.13ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (346μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (319μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (178μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (326μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (267μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (366μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (279μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (195μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (163μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (741μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (26μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (905μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (109μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (218μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (79μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (418μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (147μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (2.33ms)
      • creating: components.footer (407μs)
      • composing: components.footer (1.58ms)
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (541μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (1.2ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.32ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (100μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.8ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (391μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (242μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (241μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (245μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (378μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (673μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (346μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (202μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (434μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (777μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (748μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (548μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (170μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (124μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (67μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (103μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (66μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (99μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (205μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (122μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (159μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (172μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (71μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (110μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (65μs)
      • 312 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (23.33%)
        181ms
        18 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (6.23%)
        48.49ms
        18 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (3.4%)
        26.45ms
        10 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (1.71%)
        13.31ms
        10 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.21%)
        9.39ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (0.99%)
        7.69ms
        12 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.33%)
        2.55ms
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.29%)
        2.25ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.25%)
        1.97ms
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.23%)
        1.78ms
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.2%)
        1.58ms
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.12%)
        905μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.1%)
        741μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.07%)
        560μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.07%)
        552μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.07%)
        548μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.06%)
        487μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.06%)
        467μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.05%)
        418μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.05%)
        418μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.05%)
        407μs
        4 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.05%)
        404μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.05%)
        389μs
        1 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        326μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.03%)
        232μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.03%)
        218μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.03%)
        217μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.03%)
        205μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.02%)
        172μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.02%)
        170μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.02%)
        159μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.02%)
        154μs
        1 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.02%)
        150μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.02%)
        147μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.02%)
        126μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.02%)
        124μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.02%)
        122μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)
        110μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.01%)
        109μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        103μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        99μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.01%)
        79μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        71μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.01%)
        67μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        66μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)
        65μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        64μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.01%)
        62μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0%)
        26μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      18 statements were executed, 2 of which were duplicates, 16 unique. Show only duplicated47.45ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '30722' limit 1
        21.8mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 30722
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (373)
        1.59mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (30722)
        1.67mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 14 limit 1
        1.51mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 14
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 30722 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.08mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 30722
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 30722 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.1mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 30722
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 30722 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.72mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 30722
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 14 limit 1
        1.74mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 14
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        1.01mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.24mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 4 limit 1
        1.13mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        1.16mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        960μstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 11 limit 1
        1.06mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 11
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 5 limit 1
        1.4mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 34 limit 1
        1.31mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 34
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        4.23mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.74mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      12SubjectCat.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      4HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      1HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\Subject
      1Subject.php
          _token
          blNev383t3uuttW1ZU5dzXVUxwv1l3jURPS7A7pC
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Sociology/Collective-Behavior/30722
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Sociology/Colle...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
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