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Dynamical Systems

Dynamical systems(1,9,10) as a field of study have been around since the time of Newton due to their great importance in the sciences. Only in rare instances can such systems be solved algebraically, with linear (time independent) systems and some Hamiltonian systems as exceptions. Usually we need computers to find the solution.

A dynamical system is usually presented in one of two ways:

  1. As a set of differential equations, for example Newton's laws for the motion of planets, population dynamics, fluid mechanics, etc. With a given initial condition, such a differential equation has typically one solution which varies with time. The solution then depends on the initial condition, time, and relevant parameters (for example the masses of the various planets).
  1. As a transformation which models the change of an initial condition after one unit of time. Iterating such transformations then produces the solution at a discrete set of times in the future.

The questions to be answered using dynamical systems are:  What is the behavior of the solution as time tends to infinity? Does the solution converge to a constant (equilibrium/steady state) solution, a periodic one, or a chaotic one, and what do these outcomes depend on? How stable are the dynamics? What is turbulence? Can we define some average behavior?

A typical class in dynamical systems will devote itself to a few of these topics:

  1. Basic definitions. Notions of stability and instability. Becoming familiar with the types of phenomena encountered.
  2. Bifurcation Theory(2), which addresses the question of how changes in parameters affect the behavior of solutions. This topic tends to have a heavily algebraic/analytic flavor. The student will learn about many different kinds of bifurcations. An important example is the Hopf bifurcation(11), in which a stable steady state solution becomes unstable, while a stable periodic solution emerges.
  3. Hamiltonian systems(3,12). These are of great interest in physics. Such systems have at least one conserved quantity (energy). A similar class of transformations is one that preserves an additional quantity, such as area, volume, or a symplectic form. Such dynamical systems occur frequently and have special properties.
  4. Systems with sensitive dependence on initial conditions and chaotic systems(4,13). This builds on a class of very interesting examples of hyperbolic dynamical systems that can be fully analyzed using tools such as symbolic dynamics that help elucidate their behavior. An important classical example has been Smale's Horseshoe.
  5. Ergodic theory(5,14). The historical background for this emerges when one tries to relate the movement of microscopic atoms in a gas to macroscopic thermodynamic quantities, such as pressure and temperature. In modern mathematical language, one learns here about invariant measures, averages, ergodic theorems (Birkhoff, Von Neumann) and its important generalization: Oscledec's multiplicative ergodic theorem. Lyapunov exponents are defined. Consider two nearby points and follow these as time evolves. Does their distance increase or decrease at an exponential rate? If so, then these points lie along unstable or stable directions of the system, respectively.
  6. Perturbation theory(6,15). When we consider the motion of planets, the sun has by far the greatest mass, and so the motion of individual planets is mostly dominated by just the sun. The corresponding solutions are the Keppler solutions which give rise to elliptical planetary orbits. In reality of course the motion of a single planet is determined not just by the sun, but also by the other planets which have small mass relative to the sun, and perhaps large distances to the planet of interest. Therefore, the deviations of planetary motion from a Keppler orbit can be analyzed in terms of power series that involve the masses and distances of the other planets. This was the beginning of perturbation theory. More modern and far more sophisticated methods are also used, for example the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theory(7,16).
  7. Special systems. Some classes in dynamical systems concentrate on very specific examples, such as holomorphic (analytic) transformations of the complex plane. Already for quadratic transformations z->z^2+c this leads to wonderful graphics and theory, with concepts such as Julia sets, Mandelbrot sets(8,17), and fractals.

References:

  1. https://www.springer.com/mathematics/dynamical+systems/journal/10884
  2. https://www.math.colostate.edu/~shipman/47/volume3b2011/M640_MunozAlicea.pdf
  3. https://www.unige.ch/~hairer/poly_geoint/week1.pdf
  4. http://www.colby.edu/mathstats/wp-content/uploads/sites/81/2017/08/2017-Manning-Thesis.pdf
  5. http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~kraai101/lecturenotes2009.pdf
  6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/perturbation-theory
  7. http://math.bu.edu/people/cew/preprints/introkam.pdf
  8. https://plus.maths.org/content/what-mandelbrot-set
  9. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mechanical-engineering/2-032-dynamics-fall-2004/
  10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_system
  11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf_bifurcation
  12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian_system
  13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory
  14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergodic_theory
  15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_theory
  16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%E2%80%93Arnold%E2%80%93Moser_theorem
  17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set

 

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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (211μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (156μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (295μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (176μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (171μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (246μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (2.01ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (362μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (270μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (4.38ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (227μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (276μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (243μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (204μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (216μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (183μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (308μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (196μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (209μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (156μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (145μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (177μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (224μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (282μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (202μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (287μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (237μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (148μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (148μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (182μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (173μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (142μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (172μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (151μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (252μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (320μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (204μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (8.28ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (236μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (238μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (181μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (191μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (166μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (195μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (288μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (200μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (274μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (160μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (256μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (174μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (166μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (175μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (183μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (225μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (224μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (154μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (153μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (218μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (180μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (197μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (178μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (201μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (281μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (155μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (153μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (311μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (183μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (207μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (258μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (214μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (171μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (16.36ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (191μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (154μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (300μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (936μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.21ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (102μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (480μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (383μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (214μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (164μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (201μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (213μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (200μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (160μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (154μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (160μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (180μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (231μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (177μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (154μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (346μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (155μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (262μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (296μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (219μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (180μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (156μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (177μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (156μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (196μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (234μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (191μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (209μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (441μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (579μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (196μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (166μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (8.4ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (174μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (149μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (282μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (326μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (208μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (288μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (374μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (223μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (211μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (248μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (198μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (467μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (472μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (279μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (167μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (247μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (182μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (272μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (3.57ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (4.91ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (113μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (503μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (228μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (271μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (263μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (299μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (256μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (261μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (568μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (408μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (6.69ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.49ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (213μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (540μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (829μs)
      • creating: components.tutors-card (11.5ms)
      • composing: components.tutors-card (71μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (3.38ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.17ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (271μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (736μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (634μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (370μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (443μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (374μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (211μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (181μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (231μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (267μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (267μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (167μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.49ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (354μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (232μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (213μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (232μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (202μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (365μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (159μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (260μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (223μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (246μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (189μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (155μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (179μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (161μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (181μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (159μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (181μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (158μs)
      • creating: components.tutors-card (584μs)
      • composing: components.tutors-card (68μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (1ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (10.8ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (6.63ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.69ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (699μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (258μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (181μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (6.25ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (282μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (304μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (534μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (264μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (310μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (432μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (218μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (982μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (247μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (195μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (189μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (166μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (183μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (162μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (334μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (303μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (259μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (266μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (319μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (356μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (299μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (177μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (299μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (336μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (330μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (196μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (159μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (189μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (166μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (160μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (153μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (235μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (259μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (340μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (239μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (265μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (211μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (195μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (329μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (191μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (267μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (172μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (262μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (180μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (376μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (304μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (426μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (365μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (340μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.47ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (377μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (467μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (290μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (216μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (178μs)
      • creating: components.tutors-card (1.02ms)
      • composing: components.tutors-card (344μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (977μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.07ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (355μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.64ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (604μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (213μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (228μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (308μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (241μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (213μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (359μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (233μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (245μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (267μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (236μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (183μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (5.9ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (320μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (378μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (563μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (4.08ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (233μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (159μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (314μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (174μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (182μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (230μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (473μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (196μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (406μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (198μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (288μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (184μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (333μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (161μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (319μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (314μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (370μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (171μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (226μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (342μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (215μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (168μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (178μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (190μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (240μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (283μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (167μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (8.39ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (195μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (155μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (181μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (200μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (214μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (5.88ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (431μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (254μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (185μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (157μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (171μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (164μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (170μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (197μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (255μs)
      • creating: site.blocks.subject-homework (1.72ms)
      • composing: site.blocks.subject-homework (30μs)
      • eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (241μs)
      • eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (3.24ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (2.18ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (1.42ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (2.1ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (287μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (26μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (15μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (13μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (12μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (13μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (6.09ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.07ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (118μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (2.77ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (4.55ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (125μs)
      • creating: components.homework-blocks (292μs)
      • composing: components.homework-blocks (300μs)
      • creating: site.blocks.reviews (1.1ms)
      • composing: site.blocks.reviews (24μs)
      • creating: site.blocks.submit-homework (167μs)
      • composing: site.blocks.submit-homework (20μs)
      • creating: site.blocks.faq (125μs)
      • composing: site.blocks.faq (19μs)
      • eloquent.booting: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (368μs)
      • eloquent.booted: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (182μs)
      • eloquent.booting: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (368μs)
      • eloquent.booted: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (81μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (4.16ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.2ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (220μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (816μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (928μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (118μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (24μs)
      • creating: components.faq-item (671μs)
      • composing: components.faq-item (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (2.22ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.96ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (126μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (2.66ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.02ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (86μs)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (20μs)
      • creating: components.faq-item (90μs)
      • composing: components.faq-item (49μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (1.47ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.35ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (350μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (8.44ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.34ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (120μs)
      • creating: components.faq-item (109μs)
      • composing: components.faq-item (62μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (1.46ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.13ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (138μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (766μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.02ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (86μs)
      • creating: components.faq-item (90μs)
      • composing: components.faq-item (52μs)
      • creating: site.blocks.text-with-image (295μs)
      • composing: site.blocks.text-with-image (20μs)
      • creating: site.blocks.work-with-tutors (393μs)
      • composing: site.blocks.work-with-tutors (130μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (492μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (22μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (801μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (103μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (220μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (181μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (380μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (83μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (8.67ms)
      • creating: components.footer (295μs)
      • composing: components.footer (131μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.21ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (8.54ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (481μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (316μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (415μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (361μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (275μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (403μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (347μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (323μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (347μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (269μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (543μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (356μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (1.31ms)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (201μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (215μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (367μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (224μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (175μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (148μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (68μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (106μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (54μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (185μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (67μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (8.29ms)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (112μs)
      • 555 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (26.77%)
        333ms
        31 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (9.71%)
        121ms
        31 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (6.73%)
        83.69ms
        6 x creating: components.tutors-card (1.23%)
        15.29ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (0.69%)
        8.58ms
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.67%)
        8.29ms
        8 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (0.61%)
        7.62ms
        8 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (0.43%)
        5.35ms
        2 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.17%)
        2.11ms
        1 x creating: site.blocks.subject-homework (0.14%)
        1.72ms
        10 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.12%)
        1.54ms
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.11%)
        1.31ms
        1 x creating: site.blocks.reviews (0.09%)
        1.10ms
        4 x creating: components.faq-item (0.08%)
        960μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.07%)
        885μs
        4 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (0.07%)
        834μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.06%)
        801μs
        6 x composing: components.tutors-card (0.06%)
        711μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Meta (0.04%)
        508μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.04%)
        492μs
        6 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (0.04%)
        454μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.04%)
        436μs
        1 x creating: components.tutors-cards (0.03%)
        425μs
        1 x creating: site.blocks.work-with-tutors (0.03%)
        393μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.03%)
        380μs
        1 x creating: site.blocks.how-it-works (0.03%)
        371μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (0.03%)
        368μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (0.03%)
        368μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.03%)
        367μs
        6 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.03%)
        366μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\User\TutorAttributes\TutorDegree (0.03%)
        362μs
        4 x composing: components.faq-item (0.03%)
        357μs
        1 x composing: components.homework-blocks (0.02%)
        300μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.02%)
        296μs
        1 x creating: site.blocks.text-with-image (0.02%)
        295μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.02%)
        295μs
        1 x creating: components.homework-blocks (0.02%)
        292μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.02%)
        276μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.02%)
        265μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\User\Tutor (0.02%)
        265μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.02%)
        241μs
        1 x composing: components.tutors-cards (0.02%)
        234μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.02%)
        224μs
        6 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\User\Tutor (0.02%)
        220μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.02%)
        220μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.02%)
        215μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\User\Tutor (0.02%)
        202μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.02%)
        201μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.02%)
        187μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        185μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (0.01%)
        182μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.01%)
        181μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        175μs
        1 x creating: site.blocks.subject-tutors (0.01%)
        169μs
        1 x creating: site.blocks.submit-homework (0.01%)
        167μs
        1 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Meta (0.01%)
        154μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        148μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.01%)
        131μs
        1 x composing: site.blocks.work-with-tutors (0.01%)
        130μs
        1 x creating: site.blocks.faq (0.01%)
        125μs
        1 x creating: subjects.show (0.01%)
        119μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.01%)
        119μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)
        112μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)
        106μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.01%)
        103μs
        1 x composing: subjects.show (0.01%)
        102μs
        1 x composing: site.blocks.how-it-works (0.01%)
        97μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)
        92μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.01%)
        83μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (0.01%)
        81μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Meta (0.01%)
        68μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        68μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        67μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        65μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0%)
        59μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\User\TutorAttributes\TutorDegree (0%)
        57μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0%)
        54μs
        1 x composing: site.blocks.subject-homework (0%)
        30μs
        1 x composing: site.blocks.reviews (0%)
        24μs
        1 x composing: site.blocks.subject-tutors (0%)
        23μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0%)
        22μs
        1 x composing: site.blocks.text-with-image (0%)
        20μs
        1 x composing: site.blocks.submit-homework (0%)
        20μs
        1 x composing: site.blocks.faq (0%)
        19μs
      34 templates were rendered
      • 1x subjects.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.blocks.how-it-workshow-it-works.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.blocks.subject-tutorssubject-tutors.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.tutors-cardstutors-cards.blade.phpblade
      • 6x components.tutors-cardtutors-card.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.blocks.subject-homeworksubject-homework.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.homework-blockshomework-blocks.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.blocks.reviewsreviews.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.blocks.submit-homeworksubmit-homework.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.blocks.faqfaq.blade.phpblade
      • 4x components.faq-itemfaq-item.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.blocks.text-with-imagetext-with-image.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.blocks.work-with-tutorswork-with-tutors.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET subjects/{categoryUri}/{subjectUri?}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\SubjectController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      subjects.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:43-96
      31 statements were executed, 2 of which were duplicates, 29 unique. Show only duplicated159ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteSubjectRepository.php#123
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:123
        • 14. app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `subjects` where `urlFriendlyTitle` = 'Dynamical-Systems' limit 1
        12.23mstwenty4_siteSubjectRepository.php#123
        Bindings
        • 0: Dynamical-Systems
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:123
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:54
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` in (1)
        1.13mstwenty4_siteSubjectRepository.php#123
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:123
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:54
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 1 limit 1
        8.64mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 1
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:86
      • select * from `meta` where `meta`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.18mstwenty4_siteMetaService.php#118
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Services/MetaService.php:118
        • 20. app/Services/MetaService.php:108
        • 21. app/Services/MetaService.php:81
        • 22. app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:89
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteTutorRepository.php#40
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Repositories/TutorRepository.php:40
        • 14. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:28
        • 15. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:22
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:929
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:770
      • select count(*) as aggregate from `users` where (`subjectsQualified` like '%|220|%' or `DSF_subjectsQualified` like '%|220|%' or `allsubjects` = 1) and `disable_profile` = 0 and `picture` != '' and `solutionrequestQualified` = 1 and `is_suspended` = 0 and `is_deactivated` = 0 and `status` != '' and `status` = 'tutor'
        25.6mstwenty4_siteTutorsCards.php#35
        Bindings
        • 0: %|220|%
        • 1: %|220|%
        • 2: 1
        • 3: 0
        • 4: 
        • 5: 1
        • 6: 0
        • 7: 0
        • 8: 
        • 9: tutor
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:35
        • 16. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:22
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:929
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:770
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php:933
      • select * from `users` where (`subjectsQualified` like '%|220|%' or `DSF_subjectsQualified` like '%|220|%' or `allsubjects` = 1) and `disable_profile` = 0 and `picture` != '' and `solutionrequestQualified` = 1 and `is_suspended` = 0 and `is_deactivated` = 0 and `status` != '' and `status` = 'tutor' order by `completed_requests` desc limit 6 offset 0
        13.75mstwenty4_siteTutorsCards.php#35
        Bindings
        • 0: %|220|%
        • 1: %|220|%
        • 2: 1
        • 3: 0
        • 4: 
        • 5: 1
        • 6: 0
        • 7: 0
        • 8: 
        • 9: tutor
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:35
        • 16. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:22
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:929
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:770
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php:933
      • select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 2821 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1
        990μstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361
        Bindings
        • 0: 2821
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361
        • 19. view::components.tutors-card:11
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        6.2mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 5 limit 1
        1.05mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 34 limit 1
        1.14mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 34
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        7.2mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 6531 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1
        5.22mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361
        Bindings
        • 0: 6531
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361
        • 19. view::components.tutors-card:11
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        9.64mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 76351 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1
        10.03mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361
        Bindings
        • 0: 76351
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361
        • 19. view::components.tutors-card:11
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.19mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 42 limit 1
        7.41mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 42
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 76787 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1
        1.82mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361
        Bindings
        • 0: 76787
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361
        • 19. view::components.tutors-card:11
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 2494 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1
        1.7mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361
        Bindings
        • 0: 2494
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361
        • 19. view::components.tutors-card:11
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
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        1.11mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361
        Bindings
        • 0: 96652
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361
        • 19. view::components.tutors-card:11
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
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        4.03mstwenty4_siteHomeworkBlocks.php#27
        Bindings
        • 0: 220
        • 1: published
        • 2: 0
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/View/Components/HomeworkBlocks.php:27
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 17. view::site.blocks.subject-homework:4
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where exists (select * from `subjects` where `solutionslibrary`.`subject` = `subjects`.`id`) and `subject` = 220 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by `purchase_count` desc limit 6 offset 0
        2.76mstwenty4_siteHomeworkBlocks.php#27
        Bindings
        • 0: 220
        • 1: published
        • 2: 0
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/View/Components/HomeworkBlocks.php:27
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 17. view::site.blocks.subject-homework:4
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (220)
        6.32mstwenty4_siteHomeworkBlocks.php#27
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/View/Components/HomeworkBlocks.php:27
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 22. view::site.blocks.subject-homework:4
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` in (1)
        6.56mstwenty4_siteHomeworkBlocks.php#27
        Backtrace
        • 25. app/View/Components/HomeworkBlocks.php:27
        • 26. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 27. view::site.blocks.subject-homework:4
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 30. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        4.21mstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • 15. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 17. view::site.blocks.faq:7
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` in (1) and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null
        1.02mstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 22. view::site.blocks.faq:7
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • select * from `twill_faqs` where exists (select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faqs`.`id` = `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` and `slug` = 'can-you-help-me-with-my-examquiztest' and `active` = 1 and `locale` = 'en' and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null) and `twill_faqs`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        2.03mstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15
        Bindings
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        • 1: 1
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        Backtrace
        • 15. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 17. view::site.blocks.faq:24
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` in (2) and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null
        2.98mstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 22. view::site.blocks.faq:24
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • select * from `twill_faqs` where exists (select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faqs`.`id` = `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` and `slug` = 'how-much-will-it-cost' and `active` = 1 and `locale` = 'en' and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null) and `twill_faqs`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        1.17mstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15
        Bindings
        • 0: how-much-will-it-cost
        • 1: 1
        • 2: en
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 17. view::site.blocks.faq:41
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` in (3) and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null
        8.59mstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 22. view::site.blocks.faq:41
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • select * from `twill_faqs` where exists (select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faqs`.`id` = `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` and `slug` = 'what-kind-of-payments-do-you-accept' and `active` = 1 and `locale` = 'en' and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null) and `twill_faqs`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        1.2mstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15
        Bindings
        • 0: what-kind-of-payments-do-you-accept
        • 1: 1
        • 2: en
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 17. view::site.blocks.faq:58
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` in (4) and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null
        940μstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
        • 22. view::site.blocks.faq:58
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      App\Models\SubjectCat
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      App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq
      4TwillFaq.php
      App\Models\Subject
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      App\Models\Meta
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