Question
Your job is to write mymalloc.c, which implements the procedures defined in mymalloc.h:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void *my_malloc(size_t size);
void my_free(void *ptr);
void *free_list_begin();
void *free_list_next(void *node);
void coalesce_free_list();
My_malloc() is a buffered interface to sbrk(), doling out heap memory for programs that call it. It does so by managing a free list of memory, using sbrk() to add memory to the free list. When a user calls my_malloc(s), you will return a pointer to at least s bytes of memory, aligned on an 8-byte quantity. You will also reserve eight bytes before the pointer. In the first four of these bytes, you should store the size of the memory chunk allocated, which includes everything -- the user's memory, the bookkeeping bytes and any padding..
You may not call sbrk() with a value less than 8192. You should only call sbrk() with a value greater than 8192 if my_malloc() was called with a value greater than 8176.
When the user calls my_free(p), the chunk of memory should be returned to the free list. You do not have to coalesce free list entries when you call my_free().
Free_list_begin() returns a pointer to the first node on the free list. If the free list is empty, it should return NULL. The first four bytes on a free list node should contain the size of the node (including all metadata, like the size and pointers).
Free_list_next(n) takes a pointer to a free list node and returns a pointer to the next node on the free list. If n is the last node on the free list, then free_list_next(n) should return NULL.
Finally, coalesce_free_list() should process the free list and combine all adjacent entries.
Let's take some simple examples. First, suppose the user calls my_malloc(9990).
Your program will pad 9990 to a multiple of eight (9992) and add 8 bytes for bookkeeping. That's 10000 bytes. Since that is bigger than 8192, you'll call sbrk(10000). Suppose that returns 0x10800. You will put the number 10000 at address 0x10800 and return 0x10808 to the user. There is no free list right now, so Free_list_begin() will return NULL.
Now suppose the user calls my_free(0x10808). Those 10000 bytes now turn into a free list node. The first four bytes remain 10000, but we'll modify some stuff to make the free list work. Free_list_begin() will return 0x10800 and Free_list_next(0x10800) will return NULL.
Suppose the user calls my_malloc(4992). That is a multiple of eight, so you will add eight bytes and carve 5000 bytes off your free list node. Personally, I'd carve it off the back of the free list node -- it's easier code to write. When this is done, the state of memory is as follows:
The free list contains one node, which is 5000 bytes and starts at address 0x10800.
The four bytes starting at address 0x10800 contain the number 5000.
The my_malloc() call returned 0x10800 + 5000 + 8 = 0x11b90.
The size of the chunk is 5000 bytes, which means that the number at address 0x11b88 is 5000.
Free_list_begin() will still return 0x10800.
Free_list_next(0x10800) will return NULL.
Now, suppose the user calls my_free(0x11b90). This will put that chunk of 5000 bytes on the free list, and the free list contains two nodes: 0x11b88 and 0x10800.
Even though they are contiguous, we don't coalesce them during the my_free() call.
Free_list_begin() will return either 0x11b88 or 0x10800, and free_list_next(free_list_begin()) will return the other one.
Now, suppose I call coalesce_free_list(). This will combine the two free list nodes into one so that the state of memory is as follows:
The free list contains one node, which is 10000 bytes and starts at address 0x10800.
The four bytes starting at address 0x10800 contain the number 10000.
Free_list_begin() will return 0x10800.
Free_list_next(0x10800) will return NULL.
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#include "mymalloc.h"
#include <unistd.h>
/** structure of free list
*/
struct flist {
   int size;    // 4 byte
   struct flist *flink; // 4 byte
};
typedef struct flist flist;

// constants
#define ALLOCATION 8176
#define MIN_ALLOCATION 8192
#define BOOKKEEPING sizeof(flist)
#define BLOCK_SIZE 8
// global variable
// head of free node
flist * free_head = NULL;
/**
*
* @param size
* @return a nubme that is multipled of eight
*/
int MultipleOfEight(int size){
   
    int tmp;
    tmp = size % BLOCK_SIZE;
   
    if (tmp == 0) {
       return size;
    }

    return BLOCK_SIZE - tmp + size;
}
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (161μs)
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      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (171μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (164μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (186μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (188μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (169μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.48ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (179μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (187μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (176μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (205μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (191μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (174μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (204μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (166μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (189μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (184μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (203μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (173μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (643μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (171μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (199μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (172μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (282μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (205μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (211μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (179μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (197μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (201μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (189μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (173μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (208μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (180μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (214μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (177μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (250μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (6.66ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (248μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (173μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (209μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (183μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (307μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (165μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (294μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (4.51ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (1.17ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (105μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (393μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (244μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (221μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (174μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (192μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (217μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (181μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (162μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (193μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (166μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (4.59ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (271μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (643μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (216μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (194μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (149μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (2.15ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (792μs)
      • creating: site.layouts.app (616μs)
      • composing: site.layouts.app (25μs)
      • creating: components.canonical (537μs)
      • composing: components.canonical (115μs)
      • creating: components.open-graph (254μs)
      • composing: components.open-graph (89μs)
      • creating: site.headers.header (342μs)
      • composing: site.headers.header (85μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (8.68ms)
      • creating: components.footer (126μs)
      • composing: components.footer (140μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.02ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (452μs)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (1.36ms)
      • Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (2ms)
      • eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (118μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (642μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (655μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (1.56ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (571μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (262μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (201μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (331μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (5.44ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (3.18ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (4.8ms)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (249μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (228μs)
      • Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (332μs)
      • creating: components.forms.contact-us (341μs)
      • composing: components.forms.contact-us (208μs)
      • creating: components.forms.get-started (233μs)
      • composing: components.forms.get-started (91μs)
      • creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (222μs)
      • composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (79μs)
      • creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (227μs)
      • composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (79μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (145μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (76μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (191μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (80μs)
      • creating: components.forms.tutor-support (138μs)
      • composing: components.forms.tutor-support (76μs)
      • 312 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheHit (20.05%)
        171ms
        19 x Illuminate\Database\Events\QueryExecuted (6.43%)
        54.85ms
        19 x Illuminate\Database\Events\StatementPrepared (5.43%)
        46.32ms
        10 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\KeyWritten (1.38%)
        11.78ms
        10 x Illuminate\Cache\Events\CacheMissed (0.57%)
        4.86ms
        1 x Illuminate\Foundation\Events\LocaleUpdated (0.42%)
        3.60ms
        11 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.15%)
        1.24ms
        1 x Illuminate\Database\Events\ConnectionEstablished (0.11%)
        969μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\Routing (0.11%)
        954μs
        1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.07%)
        616μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.06%)
        546μs
        1 x creating: components.canonical (0.06%)
        537μs
        1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.06%)
        475μs
        1 x Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched (0.05%)
        424μs
        1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.04%)
        342μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.04%)
        341μs
        1 x creating: homework.show (0.04%)
        325μs
        7 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.04%)
        320μs
        1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.03%)
        254μs
        2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.03%)
        250μs
        6 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.03%)
        244μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.03%)
        233μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.03%)
        227μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.03%)
        222μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.03%)
        216μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.02%)
        208μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.02%)
        208μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.02%)
        191μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.02%)
        185μs
        1 x composing: homework.show (0.02%)
        168μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.02%)
        145μs
        1 x composing: components.footer (0.02%)
        140μs
        1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)
        138μs
        1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.02%)
        134μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile (0.02%)
        131μs
        1 x creating: components.footer (0.01%)
        126μs
        1 x composing: components.canonical (0.01%)
        115μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.01%)
        91μs
        1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.01%)
        89μs
        1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.01%)
        85μs
        1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        80μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)
        80μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)
        79μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)
        79μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)
        76μs
        1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)
        76μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)
        62μs
        1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)
        58μs
        1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0%)
        25μs
      14 templates were rendered
      • 1x homework.showshow.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
      • 1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
      • 1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade
      uri
      GET college-homework-library/{category}/{subject}/{id}
      middleware
      web, utm.parameters
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\HomeworkLibraryController@show
      namespace
      where
      as
      homework.show
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:79-176
      19 statements were executed, 5 of which were duplicates, 14 unique. Show only duplicated71.85ms
      • Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#91
        Backtrace
        • 13. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:91
        • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 and `solutionslibrary`.`id` = '22060' limit 1
        10.48mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Bindings
        • 0: published
        • 1: 0
        • 2: 22060
        Backtrace
        • 16. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (16)
        1.71mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` in (22060)
        6.32mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryController.php#97
        Backtrace
        • 21. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:97
        • 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.32mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 26. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:105
        • 27. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `solutionslibrary` where `id` <> 22060 and `subject` = 16 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by RAND() limit 6
        23.99mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Bindings
        • 0: 22060
        • 1: 16
        • 2: published
        • 3: 0
        Backtrace
        • 14. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 18. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 19. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (16)
        1.55mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibraryRepository.php#30
        Backtrace
        • 19. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:30
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 23. app/Repositories/HomeworkLibraryRepository.php:39
        • 24. app/Http/Controllers/HomeworkLibraryController.php:139
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 22060 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'question' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        4.93mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 22060
        • 1: question
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:58
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 22060 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'teaser' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.26mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 22060
        • 1: teaser
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:69
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `solutionslibrary_files` where `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` = 22060 and `solutionslibrary_files`.`solutionlib_id` is not null and `publish` = 'solution' order by `order` asc, `id` asc
        1.06mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#260
        Bindings
        • 0: 22060
        • 1: solution
        Backtrace
        • 15. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:260
        • 16. app/Transformers/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibraryTransformer.php:80
        • 19. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:128
        • 20. vendor/league/fractal/src/TransformerAbstract.php:107
        • 21. vendor/league/fractal/src/Scope.php:383
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        3.46mstwenty4_siteHomeworkLibrary.php#201
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 20. app/Models/HomeworkLibrary/HomeworkLibrary.php:201
        • 32. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 35. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 3 limit 1
        1.4mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 3
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 4 limit 1
        3.55mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 4
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 10 limit 1
        1.71mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 10
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 33 limit 1
        1.56mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 33
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 11 limit 1
        1.54mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 11
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 5 limit 1
        1.37mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 5
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 34 limit 1
        1.34mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 34
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 31 limit 1
        1.35mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 31
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 34. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
      • select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` = 36 limit 1
        1.95mstwenty4_siteSubject.php#100
        Bindings
        • 0: 36
        Backtrace
        • 18. app/Models/Subject.php:100
        • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:397
        • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:419
        • 22. app/Models/Subject.php:101
        • 28. view::components.footer:170
      App\Models\SubjectCat
      11SubjectCat.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary
      7HomeworkLibrary.php
      App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibraryFile
      6HomeworkLibraryFile.php
      App\Models\Subject
      2Subject.php
          _token
          WpoShY0x9w2VQEA2hCGufhFZG0jJT0BS8bzTgG2g
          utm_source
          direct
          redirectUrl
          /college-homework-library/Computer-Science/C-Family-Programming/22060
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/college-homework-library/Computer-Scienc...
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /college-homework-library/Computer-Science/C-Family-Programming/22060
          status_code
          200
          
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          
          request_request
          []
          
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