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Molecular Biology

Molecular biology is a sub-field of biology and studies the formation, structure, and function of biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. The work in this field focuses on the role of these macromolecules in cell replication and transmission of genetic information. It is quite common for molecular biologists to manipulate DNA for the purpose of sequencing or mutation, in which the DNA is then inserted into the genome of an organism to analyze the effects of the mutation.

A course in molecular biology will cover the following topics:

Cells and genomes
Cell chemistry and biosynthesis
Proteins
DNA and chromosomes
DNA replication, repair, and recombination
How cells read the genome: from DNA to protein
Control of gene expression
Manipulating proteins, DNA, and RNA
Visualizing cells
Membrane structure
Membrane transport of small molecules and the electrical properties of membranes
Intracellular compartments and protein sorting
Intracellular vesicular traffic
Energy conversion: mitochondria and chloroplasts
Cell communication
The cytoskeleton
The cell cycle and programmed cell death
The mechanics of cell division
Cell junctions, cell adhesion, and the extracellular matrix
Germ cells and fertilization
Development of multicellular organisms
Histology: the lives and deaths of cells in tissues
Cancer
The adaptive immune system
Pathogens, infection, and innate immunity

An excellent microbiology tutorial is available from the University of Arizona. Books on this topic are available from Amazon.com and Google. Students should stay up to date by following the Journal of Molecular Biology.

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1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\User\TutorAttributes\TutorDegree (0.06%)	628μs
6 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (0.05%)	613μs
6 x composing: components.tutors-card (0.05%)	592μs
4 x creating: components.faq-item (0.05%)	524μs
4 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (0.04%)	505μs
2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Subject (0.04%)	497μs
1 x creating: site.blocks.subject-tutors (0.04%)	454μs
1 x creating: components.homework-blocks (0.04%)	437μs
1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (0.04%)	425μs
1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (0.04%)	425μs
1 x creating: components.canonical (0.03%)	390μs
1 x creating: site.headers.header (0.03%)	361μs
1 x composing: subjects.show (0.03%)	349μs
6 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\User\Tutor (0.03%)	327μs
6 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.03%)	318μs
1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\User\Tutor (0.03%)	317μs
1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Subject (0.03%)	293μs
1 x creating: components.breadcrumbs (0.03%)	286μs
1 x creating: components.tutors-cards (0.03%)	283μs
4 x composing: components.faq-item (0.02%)	279μs
1 x creating: components.open-graph (0.02%)	260μs
1 x creating: components.forms.contact-us (0.02%)	260μs
1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary (0.02%)	242μs
1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-support (0.02%)	209μs
1 x creating: site.layouts.app (0.02%)	208μs
2 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.02%)	199μs
1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.02%)	196μs
1 x creating: site.blocks.work-with-tutors (0.02%)	192μs
1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\User\Tutor (0.02%)	188μs
1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\Meta (0.02%)	187μs
1 x composing: components.canonical (0.02%)	187μs
1 x composing: components.forms.contact-us (0.02%)	179μs
1 x composing: components.open-graph (0.02%)	170μs
1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq (0.01%)	161μs
1 x creating: components.forms.get-started (0.01%)	147μs
1 x creating: site.blocks.submit-homework (0.01%)	145μs
1 x composing: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)	145μs
1 x composing: components.breadcrumbs (0.01%)	137μs
1 x eloquent.booting: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)	129μs
1 x creating: subjects.show (0.01%)	128μs
1 x creating: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)	122μs
1 x composing: components.homework-blocks (0.01%)	120μs
1 x creating: site.blocks.faq (0.01%)	112μs
1 x composing: components.tutors-cards (0.01%)	102μs
1 x creating: components.forms.free-tool-download (0.01%)	99μs
1 x composing: components.footer (0.01%)	98μs
1 x composing: site.blocks.faq (0.01%)	96μs
1 x creating: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)	94μs
1 x eloquent.retrieved: App\Models\Meta (0.01%)	84μs
1 x composing: site.headers.header (0.01%)	81μs
1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug (0.01%)	78μs
1 x creating: components.footer (0.01%)	75μs
1 x composing: components.forms.get-started (0.01%)	68μs
1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\User\TutorAttributes\TutorDegree (0.01%)	67μs
1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-support (0.01%)	67μs
1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Subject (0.01%)	66μs
1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-join (0.01%)	66μs
1 x composing: components.forms.claim-free-worksheet (0.01%)	64μs
1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\SubjectCat (0.01%)	62μs
1 x eloquent.booted: App\Models\Meta (0.01%)	62μs
1 x composing: components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlist (0.01%)	60μs
1 x composing: site.blocks.subject-homework (0%)	27μs
1 x composing: site.blocks.text-with-image (0%)	25μs
1 x composing: site.blocks.how-it-works (0%)	24μs
1 x composing: site.blocks.submit-homework (0%)	21μs
1 x composing: site.blocks.work-with-tutors (0%)	21μs
1 x composing: site.blocks.subject-tutors (0%)	20μs
1 x composing: site.blocks.reviews (0%)	20μs
1 x composing: site.layouts.app (0%)	19μs

34 templates were rendered

1x subjects.showshow.blade.phpblade
1x components.breadcrumbsbreadcrumbs.blade.phpblade
1x site.blocks.how-it-workshow-it-works.blade.phpblade
1x site.blocks.subject-tutorssubject-tutors.blade.phpblade
1x components.tutors-cardstutors-cards.blade.phpblade
6x components.tutors-cardtutors-card.blade.phpblade
1x site.blocks.subject-homeworksubject-homework.blade.phpblade
1x components.homework-blockshomework-blocks.blade.phpblade
1x site.blocks.reviewsreviews.blade.phpblade
1x site.blocks.submit-homeworksubmit-homework.blade.phpblade
1x site.blocks.faqfaq.blade.phpblade
4x components.faq-itemfaq-item.blade.phpblade
1x site.blocks.text-with-imagetext-with-image.blade.phpblade
1x site.blocks.work-with-tutorswork-with-tutors.blade.phpblade
1x site.layouts.appapp.blade.phpblade
1x components.canonicalcanonical.blade.phpblade
1x components.open-graphopen-graph.blade.phpblade
1x site.headers.headerheader.blade.phpblade
1x components.footerfooter.blade.phpblade
1x components.forms.contact-uscontact-us.blade.phpblade
1x components.forms.get-startedget-started.blade.phpblade
1x components.forms.free-tool-downloadfree-tool-download.blade.phpblade
1x components.forms.claim-free-worksheetclaim-free-worksheet.blade.phpblade
1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-waitlisttutor-subscription-waitlist.blade.phpblade
1x components.forms.tutor-subscription-jointutor-subscription-join.blade.phpblade
1x components.forms.tutor-supporttutor-support.blade.phpblade

uri: GET subjects/{categoryUri}/{subjectUri?}
middleware: web, utm.parameters
controller: App\Http\Controllers\SubjectController@show
namespace
where
as: subjects.show
file: app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:43-96

23 statements were executed, 2 of which were duplicates, 21 unique. Show only duplicated130ms

Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteSubjectRepository.php#123

Backtrace

13. app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:123
14. app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:54
15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260

select * from `subjects` where `urlFriendlyTitle` = 'Molecular-Biology' limit 1

16.5mstwenty4_siteSubjectRepository.php#123

Bindings	0: Molecular-Biology
Backtrace	15. app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:123 16. app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:54 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260

select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` in (35)

1.17mstwenty4_siteSubjectRepository.php#123

Backtrace

20. app/Repositories/SubjectRepository.php:123
21. app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:54
22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260

select * from `meta` where `meta`.`id` = 3 limit 1

1.18mstwenty4_siteMetaService.php#118

Bindings	0: 3
Backtrace	19. app/Services/MetaService.php:118 20. app/Services/MetaService.php:108 21. app/Services/MetaService.php:81 22. app/Http/Controllers/SubjectController.php:89 23. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54

Connection Establishedtwenty4_siteTutorRepository.php#40

Backtrace

13. app/Repositories/TutorRepository.php:40
14. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:28
15. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:22
17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:929
18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:770

select count(*) as aggregate from `users` where (`subjectsQualified` like '%|98|%' or `DSF_subjectsQualified` like '%|98|%' or `allsubjects` = 1) and `disable_profile` = 0 and `picture` != '' and `solutionrequestQualified` = 1 and `is_suspended` = 0 and `is_deactivated` = 0 and `status` != '' and `status` = 'tutor'

24.08mstwenty4_siteTutorsCards.php#35

Bindings	0: %\|98\|% 1: %\|98\|% 2: 1 3: 0 4: 5: 1 6: 0 7: 0 8: 9: tutor
Backtrace	15. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:35 16. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:22 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:929 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:770 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php:933

select * from `users` where (`subjectsQualified` like '%|98|%' or `DSF_subjectsQualified` like '%|98|%' or `allsubjects` = 1) and `disable_profile` = 0 and `picture` != '' and `solutionrequestQualified` = 1 and `is_suspended` = 0 and `is_deactivated` = 0 and `status` != '' and `status` = 'tutor' order by `completed_requests` desc limit 6 offset 0

11.69mstwenty4_siteTutorsCards.php#35

Bindings	0: %\|98\|% 1: %\|98\|% 2: 1 3: 0 4: 5: 1 6: 0 7: 0 8: 9: tutor
Backtrace	15. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:35 16. app/View/Components/TutorsCards.php:22 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:929 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:770 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php:933

select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 26463 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1

870μstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361

Bindings	0: 26463
Backtrace	18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361 19. view::components.tutors-card:11 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69

select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 72437 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1

8.23mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361

Bindings	0: 72437
Backtrace	18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361 19. view::components.tutors-card:11 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69

select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 99021 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1

1.09mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361

Bindings	0: 99021
Backtrace	18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361 19. view::components.tutors-card:11 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69

select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 65041 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1

10.09mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361

Bindings	0: 65041
Backtrace	18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361 19. view::components.tutors-card:11 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69

select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 100956 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1

10.97mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361

Bindings	0: 100956
Backtrace	18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361 19. view::components.tutors-card:11 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69

select * from `tutor_degrees` where `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` = 50620 and `tutor_degrees`.`tutor_id` is not null order by `year` desc limit 1

2.64mstwenty4_siteTutor.php#361

Bindings	0: 50620
Backtrace	18. app/Models/User/Tutor.php:361 19. view::components.tutors-card:11 21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 22. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58 23. vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69

select count(*) as aggregate from `solutionslibrary` where exists (select * from `subjects` where `solutionslibrary`.`subject` = `subjects`.`id`) and `subject` = 98 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0

7.12mstwenty4_siteHomeworkBlocks.php#27

Bindings	0: 98 1: published 2: 0
Backtrace	15. app/View/Components/HomeworkBlocks.php:27 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102 17. view::site.blocks.subject-homework:4 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `solutionslibrary` where exists (select * from `subjects` where `solutionslibrary`.`subject` = `subjects`.`id`) and `subject` = 98 and `status` = 'published' and `price` > 0 order by `purchase_count` desc limit 6 offset 0

5.94mstwenty4_siteHomeworkBlocks.php#27

Bindings	0: 98 1: published 2: 0
Backtrace	15. app/View/Components/HomeworkBlocks.php:27 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102 17. view::site.blocks.subject-homework:4 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `subjects` where `subjects`.`id` in (98)

1.01mstwenty4_siteHomeworkBlocks.php#27

Backtrace

20. app/View/Components/HomeworkBlocks.php:27
21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
22. view::site.blocks.subject-homework:4
24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `subject_cats` where `subject_cats`.`id` in (35)

820μstwenty4_siteHomeworkBlocks.php#27

Backtrace

25. app/View/Components/HomeworkBlocks.php:27
26. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
27. view::site.blocks.subject-homework:4
29. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
30. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `twill_faqs` where exists (select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faqs`.`id` = `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` and `slug` = 'can-you-help-me-with-my-homework-in-less-than-24-hours' and `active` = 1 and `locale` = 'en' and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null) and `twill_faqs`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1

11.21mstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15

Bindings	0: can-you-help-me-with-my-homework-in-less-than-24-hours 1: 1 2: en
Backtrace	15. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102 17. view::site.blocks.faq:7 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` in (1) and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null

9.71mstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15

Backtrace

20. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
22. view::site.blocks.faq:7
24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `twill_faqs` where exists (select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faqs`.`id` = `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` and `slug` = 'can-you-help-me-with-my-examquiztest' and `active` = 1 and `locale` = 'en' and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null) and `twill_faqs`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1

980μstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15

Bindings	0: can-you-help-me-with-my-examquiztest 1: 1 2: en
Backtrace	15. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102 17. view::site.blocks.faq:24 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` in (2) and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null

930μstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15

Backtrace

20. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
22. view::site.blocks.faq:24
24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `twill_faqs` where exists (select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faqs`.`id` = `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` and `slug` = 'how-much-will-it-cost' and `active` = 1 and `locale` = 'en' and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null) and `twill_faqs`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1

880μstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15

Bindings	0: how-much-will-it-cost 1: 1 2: en
Backtrace	15. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102 17. view::site.blocks.faq:41 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` in (3) and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null

820μstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15

Backtrace

20. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
22. view::site.blocks.faq:41
24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `twill_faqs` where exists (select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faqs`.`id` = `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` and `slug` = 'what-kind-of-payments-do-you-accept' and `active` = 1 and `locale` = 'en' and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null) and `twill_faqs`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1

890μstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15

Bindings	0: what-kind-of-payments-do-you-accept 1: 1 2: en
Backtrace	15. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102 17. view::site.blocks.faq:58 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

select * from `twill_faq_slugs` where `twill_faq_slugs`.`twill_faq_id` in (4) and `twill_faq_slugs`.`deleted_at` is null

850μstwenty4_siteFaqItem.php#15

Backtrace

20. app/View/Components/FaqItem.php:15
21. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php:102
22. view::site.blocks.faq:58
24. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
25. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58

App\Models\User\Tutor: 6Tutor.php
App\Models\HomeworkLibrary\HomeworkLibrary: 6HomeworkLibrary.php
App\Models\Twill\Slugs\TwillFaqSlug: 6TwillFaqSlug.php
App\Models\Twill\TwillFaq: 4TwillFaq.php
App\Models\Subject: 2Subject.php
App\Models\SubjectCat: 2SubjectCat.php
App\Models\Meta: 1Meta.php

_token: WZhD5BegVlUhHqXzFow4scR5nYCFBfRowLQJOses
utm_source: direct
_previous: array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.dev.24houranswers.com/subjects/Biology/Molecular-Biology" ]
_flash: array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA: []

path_info

/subjects/Biology/Molecular-Biology

status_code

status_text

format

html

content_type

text/html; charset=UTF-8

request_query

[]

request_request

[]

request_headers

  0 of 0   
array:21 [▼
  "priority" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "u=0, i"
  ]
  "accept-encoding" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "document"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?1"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "navigate"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "none"
  ]
  "accept" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  ]
  "user-agent" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  ]
  "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "1"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""Windows""
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?0"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129""
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